ATI RN
Foundations and Adult Health Nursing Study Guide Answers Questions
Question 1 of 9
Population structure is a diagram of population typically presented in a pyramid-like style format based on ___________.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Population structure is a diagram that presents the distribution of a population based on age and sex. It is typically displayed in a pyramid-like style format, with the horizontal axis showing the age groups and the vertical axis showing the percentage or number of individuals in each age group, divided by sex. This helps to visualize how the population is distributed in terms of age and sex, providing important insights into demographic trends, such as age dependency ratio and potential future trends in population growth or decline. Age and sex are the key demographic variables used to construct a population structure diagram.
Question 2 of 9
Which of the following is an example of self directed learning activity?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Research at work is an example of self-directed learning activity because it involves taking the initiative to seek out information, learn new skills, and solve problems independently within a workplace setting. This type of learning requires self-motivation, self-discipline, and autonomy to set goals, gather resources, and develop knowledge or expertise in a specific area. Individuals engage in research at work to enhance their professional growth, expand their skill set, or address challenges encountered in their job responsibilities. It is a proactive approach to learning where individuals take charge of their own development and continuously strive to improve their performance.
Question 3 of 9
A patient with a history of coronary artery disease is prescribed aspirin for secondary prevention. Which adverse effect is a potential concern with long-term aspirin therapy?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Long-term aspirin therapy, especially at higher doses, can increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. Aspirin irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase enzyme, which is essential for the production of prostaglandins involved in mucosal protection of the gastrointestinal tract. Without these protective prostaglandins, the stomach lining becomes more susceptible to damage from gastric acid, leading to potential ulcer formation and bleeding. Patients with a history of coronary artery disease may be on aspirin for secondary prevention, and it is crucial to monitor for signs of bleeding such as black, tarry stools or abdominal pain. The benefits of aspirin in preventing cardiovascular events need to be weighed against the risk of adverse effects like gastrointestinal bleeding, especially in patients on long-term therapy.
Question 4 of 9
A patient presents with a palpable thyroid nodule and signs of hyperthyroidism. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy reveals follicular cells with nuclear features suggestive of malignancy. Which endocrine disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Follicular thyroid carcinoma is a type of thyroid cancer that arises from the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. Patients with follicular thyroid carcinoma may present with a palpable thyroid nodule, which in this case is causing signs of hyperthyroidism due to the overproduction of thyroid hormones by the malignant cells. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy revealing follicular cells with nuclear features suggestive of malignancy further supports the diagnosis of follicular thyroid carcinoma in this scenario.
Question 5 of 9
A patient is prescribed an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor for heart failure. Which laboratory parameter should the nurse monitor closely during ACE inhibitor therapy?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should monitor serum potassium levels closely during ACE inhibitor therapy because ACE inhibitors can lead to an increase in serum potassium levels, known as hyperkalemia. ACE inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, which in turn decreases aldosterone secretion. Aldosterone normally acts in the kidneys to reabsorb sodium and water and excrete potassium. Therefore, when aldosterone secretion is decreased due to ACE inhibitor therapy, there can be an increase in potassium retention, potentially leading to hyperkalemia. Monitoring serum potassium levels is essential to prevent complications associated with hyperkalemia, such as cardiac arrhythmias.
Question 6 of 9
Nurse Rey with the members of the team. from a tertiary hospital is going for their annual outreach program Operation TULI". There were 3000 patients who came in the morning with only 4 doctors, 3 nurses and 1 pharmacist. Due to the volume of patients, Nurse Rey, was asked to participate in per forming circumcision with the rest of the doctors. Nurse Rey can be 1iable of committing
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nurse Rey can be liable of committing malpractice by performing circumcisions without the proper training, qualifications, and legal authority to do so. Malpractice refers to negligence or failure to provide a standard level of care that results in harm to a patient. In this case, Nurse Rey participating in performing circumcisions may not have the necessary skills and expertise compared to the doctors who are trained to perform such procedures. This can lead to potential harm or complications for the patients, making it a case of malpractice.
Question 7 of 9
Corticosteroids are one of the main therapies for nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following COMMON side effects should the nurse watch for?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Corticosteroids, commonly used in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome, can cause various side effects. One of the common side effects of corticosteroids is a loss of appetite. Patients receiving corticosteroid therapy may experience a decreased desire to eat, leading to reduced food intake. Monitoring for changes in appetite is important as a decrease in food intake can impact overall nutrition and may affect the patient's response to treatment. It is essential for the nurse to watch for this side effect to address any potential nutritional concerns and collaborate with the healthcare team to optimize the patient's care.
Question 8 of 9
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An example of what can be elicited from a social history is how the disease started. This statement is true because a social history typically includes information about factors such as the onset of the illness, the child's living environment, family dynamics, and any recent events that may have contributed to the child's current condition. Understanding how the disease started can provide valuable insights into possible triggers or underlying causes, helping healthcare providers develop an appropriate treatment plan. A comprehensive social history is essential for providing holistic care to the child and addressing all relevant factors that may impact their health and well-being.
Question 9 of 9
A patient presents with muscle weakness, fatigue, constipation, and hyperpigmentation of the skin. Laboratory tests reveal low serum cortisol levels and elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels. Which endocrine disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The symptoms described - muscle weakness, fatigue, constipation, hyperpigmentation of the skin, low serum cortisol levels, and elevated ACTH levels - are classic findings in Addison's disease. Addison's disease is a primary adrenal insufficiency characterized by the insufficient production of cortisol and, to some extent, aldosterone. The low cortisol levels result in symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, and skin hyperpigmentation due to increased levels of ACTH stimulating melanin production. In contrast, in conditions like hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and diabetes mellitus, the symptoms and laboratory findings would not fully align with those described in the patient in this scenario.