Polyuria means

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Polyuria is defined as excessive urine output, often seen in conditions like diabetes, distinct from glycosuria (glucose in urine) or oliguria (low output).

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When considering hypertonic solutions, extra assessment is needed for the condition of the heart. Hypertonic solutions have a higher concentration of solutes compared to the body's cells, which can cause fluid to be drawn out of the cells and into the bloodstream. This can lead to an increase in blood volume and put additional strain on the heart. Therefore, it is important to assess the condition of the heart before administering hypertonic solutions to ensure it can handle the increased workload.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The most important education to be done in teaching about hypokalemia is bowel management care. Hypokalemia is a condition characterized by low levels of potassium in the blood, which can lead to gastrointestinal symptoms, including constipation. Educating patients about proper bowel management, such as increasing fiber intake, staying hydrated, and regular exercise, is crucial in managing hypokalemia effectively.

Correct Answer: E

Rationale: Hyperkalemia affects muscle function and the heart, rather than cognitive or sensory functions, or bowel and urinary functions directly. Polyuria can sometimes be indirectly related due to underlying causes such as kidney dysfunction, but it is not a direct symptom of hyperkalemia itself. The symptoms listed are not typically associated with elevated potassium levels in the blood.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: IV Ca (intravenous calcium) is the correct answer for emergency treatment of hypermagnesemia. Hypermagnesemia is a condition characterized by high levels of magnesium in the blood, which can lead to muscle weakness, cardiac arrhythmias, and respiratory depression. IV calcium antagonizes the effects of magnesium on the heart and neuromuscular system, helping to restore normal function.