ATI RN
Questions About the Cardiovascular System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Plasma proteins constitute what percent of the plasma volume?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Plasma proteins (albumin, globulins, fibrinogen) are ~7-9% of plasma volume; water is ~91-93%, and solutes (e.g., electrolytes) make up the rest. Higher percentages reflect whole blood or other components.
Question 2 of 5
The systemic circulation includes all of the following structures except one. Which is the exception?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Systemic circulation involves blood flow from the heart to the body (excluding lungs) and back, including the aorta (A), femoral vein (B), and superior vena cava (C). The pulmonary vein (D) belongs to pulmonary circulation, carrying oxygenated blood from lungs to the left atrium, making it the exception.
Question 3 of 5
Identify the vessels that return blood to the right atrium.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus (A, drains heart muscle). Pulmonary veins (B, D) return oxygenated blood to the left atrium, and pulmonary arteries (C) carry blood from the right ventricle to lungs.
Question 4 of 5
Define artherosclerosis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Atherosclerosis is the hardening and narrowing of arterial walls (A) due to plaque buildup. It doesn’t harden the heart (B), destroy cells (C), or solely inflame walls (D; inflammation is a factor, not the definition).
Question 5 of 5
During ventricular systole, the atria are ___ the ventricles are ___ the AV valves are ___ and the SL valves are ___
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During ventricular systole, atria relax, ventricles contract, AV valves close (S₁), and SL valves open (C) to eject blood. B is atrial systole, A/D mismatch phases.