ATI RN
Endocrine System Questions and Answers PDF Questions
Question 1 of 5
Pilocarpine is used in the treatment of:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Glaucoma. Pilocarpine is a cholinergic agonist that works by causing constriction of the pupil and increasing the outflow of aqueous humor in the eye, thereby reducing intraocular pressure in glaucoma. Increased salivary secretion (A) is a side effect of pilocarpine use. Pilocarpine is not indicated for treating intestinal colic (C) or cardiac arrhythmias (D).
Question 2 of 5
Each of the following parasympathomimetic drugs is correctly matched with an appropriate pharmacological action EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Bethanechol is a parasympathomimetic drug that primarily acts on muscarinic receptors in the bladder and gastrointestinal tract, causing increased smooth muscle contraction and promoting urination and improved GI motility. It does not affect intraocular pressure. A, B, and C are incorrect: A: Methacholine - acts as a muscarinic agonist causing bronchoconstriction, not vasodilation. B: Neostigmine - inhibits acetylcholinesterase leading to increased acetylcholine levels, enhancing neuromuscular transmission, not directly stimulating skeletal muscles. C: Pilocarpine - acts on muscarinic receptors in the eye, causing miosis and increased aqueous humor outflow, not increased sweat secretion.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following drugs does not pass the blood-brain barrier:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Guanethidine. Guanethidine is a quaternary amine, which prevents it from passing the blood-brain barrier due to its charge. The blood-brain barrier is selective and only allows certain molecules to pass through. In contrast, choices A, B, and C (Ephedrine, Propranolol, Clonidine) are all capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier to some extent due to their chemical properties. Ephedrine is a weak base, Propranolol is lipophilic, and Clonidine is relatively small in size, allowing them to penetrate the blood-brain barrier.
Question 4 of 5
The action of ganglion blockers on the following items is essentially similar to atropine EXCEPT on:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Blood pressure. Ganglion blockers, similar to atropine, block the transmission of nerve impulses at ganglia. Ganglion blockers affect the eye, gastrointestinal tract, and urinary bladder by inhibiting parasympathetic activity. However, ganglion blockers do not have a significant direct effect on blood pressure regulation. Blood pressure is primarily regulated by the autonomic nervous system through the actions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, not solely at ganglia. Therefore, the correct answer is D because ganglion blockers do not directly influence blood pressure regulation.
Question 5 of 5
The following plant alkaloids give derivatives which are used to treat migraine:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ergot alkaloids. Ergot alkaloids, such as ergotamine and dihydroergotamine, are known to be effective in treating migraines by constricting blood vessels in the brain. This helps to reduce the intensity of migraine headaches. Vinca alkaloids (A) are used in cancer treatment, digitalis glycosides (B) in heart conditions, and stramonium alkaloids (C) in asthma and spasms, but they are not commonly associated with migraine treatment.