ATI RN
Pediatric Gastrointestinal Nursing Interventions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Pill ulcers occur when certain medications are swallowed without sufficient liquids, allowing prolonged direct contact of the pill with the esophageal mucosa. Of the following, the MOST accused one is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In this question on pill ulcers related to pediatric gastrointestinal nursing interventions, the correct answer is D) tetracycline. Tetracycline is known to be highly implicated in the development of pill ulcers due to its chemical properties and potential to cause esophageal irritation. Tetracycline can stick to the esophageal mucosa when swallowed without enough water, leading to local irritation and ulcer formation. Acetazolamide (option A), methyldopa (option B), and carbamazepine (option C) are not commonly associated with pill ulcers. These medications do not have the same propensity to cause direct irritation to the esophageal mucosa as tetracycline does. In an educational context, understanding the risks associated with different medications and their potential adverse effects on the pediatric gastrointestinal system is vital for nurses caring for pediatric patients. Proper medication administration techniques, including the importance of adequate water intake when swallowing certain medications, can help prevent complications such as pill ulcers. Nurses play a critical role in patient education and safety when administering medications to pediatric patients, emphasizing the significance of knowing which medications can lead to specific complications like pill ulcers.
Question 2 of 5
One of the following studies may be helpful in discovering the cause behind small bowel atresia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the context of pediatric gastrointestinal nursing interventions, the correct answer to the question is B) chloride sweat test. Small bowel atresia is a condition where a portion of the small intestine is missing or is malformed. This condition can be associated with cystic fibrosis, a genetic disorder that affects the body's ability to produce sweat with normal chloride levels. The chloride sweat test is used to diagnose cystic fibrosis by measuring the amount of chloride in a person's sweat. In cases of small bowel atresia, particularly when the cause is suspected to be related to cystic fibrosis, a chloride sweat test can be helpful in confirming this diagnosis. The other options (A) immunoglobulin assay, (C) liver function tests, and (D) serum electrolytes are not typically used to discover the cause of small bowel atresia. Immunoglobulin assay is used to assess immune function, liver function tests are used to evaluate liver health, and serum electrolytes are used to assess electrolyte balance in the body. While these tests may be important in certain contexts, they are not directly related to investigating the cause of small bowel atresia. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind choosing the chloride sweat test over other diagnostic tests is crucial for pediatric nurses caring for patients with gastrointestinal conditions. By knowing the specific indications for each test, nurses can assist in accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning for pediatric patients with small bowel atresia.
Question 3 of 5
The Alvarado/MANTRELS rule for diagnosis of acute appendicitis gives 2 points for
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A) migration of pain to the right lower quadrant. The Alvarado/MANTRELS rule is a scoring system used to aid in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Migration of pain to the right lower quadrant is a classic symptom associated with appendicitis due to the inflammation and irritation of the appendix. This symptom is given 2 points in the scoring system because of its strong correlation with appendicitis. Option B) anorexia is a common symptom in appendicitis, but it is not specific to this condition and can be present in many other gastrointestinal issues. Option C) rebound pain is also seen in appendicitis, but it is not a specific criteria in the Alvarado/MANTRELS rule. Option D) WBC shift to greater than 75% neutrophils is a laboratory finding associated with appendicitis, but it is not part of the clinical criteria used in the scoring system. Understanding the Alvarado/MANTRELS rule is essential for nurses working in pediatric gastrointestinal care as it helps in the timely and accurate diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Recognizing the key clinical signs and symptoms, such as migration of pain to the right lower quadrant, aids in prompt intervention and prevents complications associated with a delayed diagnosis.
Question 4 of 5
A 5-year-old boy presented with obesity, syndactyly, infantile genitalia, and mental retardation. Fundoscopy revealed retinal degeneration, the parents are first cousin. Of the following, the MOST likely cause of his obesity is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D) Prader-Willi syndrome. Prader-Willi syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by obesity, short stature, intellectual disability, and hypogonadism. Individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome have an insatiable appetite, which leads to obesity if food intake is not controlled. In this case, the presence of obesity along with other clinical features such as mental retardation and syndactyly point towards Prader-Willi syndrome as the most likely cause. Option A) Alström syndrome is characterized by obesity, retinal degeneration, and hearing loss, but it does not typically present with syndactyly or mental retardation as seen in the case provided. Option B) Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome is characterized by obesity, retinal degeneration, and polydactyly, but it does not typically present with mental retardation or syndactyly. Option C) Fröhlich syndrome, also known as hypothalamic obesity, is characterized by obesity due to hypothalamic dysfunction, but it does not typically present with syndactyly, retinal degeneration, or intellectual disability. Understanding the distinguishing features of each syndrome is crucial in pediatric nursing practice to accurately identify and provide appropriate care for children with genetic disorders. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of Prader-Willi syndrome early can help healthcare providers intervene with dietary management and behavioral strategies to mitigate the complications associated with this condition.
Question 5 of 5
Smooth tongue in nutritional deficiency disorders of childhood is usually caused by deficiency of
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In pediatric gastrointestinal nursing, understanding the causes of smooth tongue in nutritional deficiency disorders is crucial for effective care. In this scenario, the correct answer is A) iron deficiency. Iron is essential for the production of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood. A deficiency in iron leads to anemia, resulting in symptoms like pallor, fatigue, and a smooth, sore tongue. This glossitis is a common manifestation of iron deficiency and is an important clinical indicator for nurses to recognize. B) Copper deficiency does not typically cause a smooth tongue. Copper is more closely associated with neurological symptoms and bone abnormalities when deficient. C) Biotin deficiency can lead to hair loss, dermatitis, and neurological symptoms, but it is not a common cause of a smooth tongue. D) Iodine deficiency is linked to thyroid disorders like goiter, but it does not directly cause a smooth tongue in nutritional deficiency disorders. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing specific clinical manifestations of nutritional deficiencies in pediatric patients. Nurses need to be able to identify these signs early to provide appropriate interventions and prevent complications. Understanding the unique symptoms associated with different nutrient deficiencies is essential for providing holistic care to children with gastrointestinal issues.