Pick out the bronchodilator drug belonging to sympathomimics:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ephedrine. Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic drug that acts by stimulating alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to bronchodilation. Isoprenaline (A) is a non-selective beta-adrenergic agonist. Atropine (C) is an anticholinergic drug that inhibits parasympathetic activity. Salbutamol (D) is a selective beta2-adrenergic agonist commonly used as a bronchodilator. Therefore, the correct choice for a bronchodilator drug belonging to sympathomimetics is Ephedrine.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Milrinone. Milrinone inhibits type III cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, leading to increased levels of cyclic AMP in cardiac and smooth muscle cells, resulting in positive inotropic and vasodilatory effects. Amiodarone (A) is an antiarrhythmic drug. Propranolol (C) is a beta-blocker. Enalapril (D) is an ACE inhibitor. These drugs do not inhibit type III cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Rationale: 1. Validol has a moderate reflex and vascular dilative action due to nerve stimulation, making statement A true. 2. It is administered sublingually, with effects seen in 5 minutes and 70% released in 3 minutes, supporting statement B. 3. Validol is used for angina, motion sickness, nausea, vomiting, and headaches related to nitrates, confirming statement C. 4. Since statements A, B, and C are all true, the correct answer is D, as it encompasses all the valid statements.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Heparin. Heparin is an anticoagulant that prevents blood clots, which can be beneficial in disorders of cerebral circulation to reduce the risk of clot formation and improve blood flow. Aspirin (A) is an antiplatelet drug that inhibits platelet aggregation, not directly related to anticoagulants in the same way as heparin. Cinnarizine (B) is a calcium channel blocker used for vertigo and motion sickness, unrelated to anticoagulants. Nicergoline (C) is a drug used for improving cognitive function in dementia, not directly related to anticoagulants or cerebral circulation disorders.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Insulin is a small protein hormone with a molecular weight of approximately 5808 and contains disulfide linkages. This structure allows insulin to be stable and function effectively in regulating blood glucose levels. The other choices are incorrect because insulin is not a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 6000, a fructooligosaccharide, or a catecholamine, as these do not align with the known characteristics and functions of insulin.