ATI RN
NCLEX Pharmacology Cardiovascular Drugs Questions
Question 1 of 5
Pick out the appropriate alimentary route of administration when passage of drugs through liver is minimized:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Rectal administration bypasses the liver initially, reducing first-pass metabolism. 2. Oral administration (Option A) passes through the liver first, increasing metabolism. 3. Transdermal administration (Option B) bypasses the liver but is not as effective in minimizing liver metabolism as rectal. 4. Intraduodenal administration (Option D) directly enters the small intestine, interacting with the liver. Therefore, rectal administration is the appropriate route to minimize liver metabolism.
Question 2 of 5
Indicate the local anesthetic, which is a long-acting agent:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why B (Lidocaine) is the correct answer: 1. Lidocaine has a longer duration of action compared to Procaine and Mepivacaine. 2. Bupivacaine is a long-acting local anesthetic, but it has a longer duration of action than Lidocaine. 3. Therefore, among the given choices, Lidocaine is the long-acting agent with a duration of action longer than Procaine and Mepivacaine. Summary: A: Bupivacaine - Incorrect, longer-acting than Lidocaine. C: Procaine - Incorrect, shorter-acting than Lidocaine. D: Mepivacaine - Incorrect, shorter-acting than Lidocaine.
Question 3 of 5
The dominant initial sights of acute cholinesterase inhibitors intoxication include all of the following except:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mydriasis. Cholinesterase inhibitors cause excessive stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system, leading to symptoms such as salivation, sweating, bronchial constriction, and GI symptoms. Mydriasis, or pupil dilation, is not a typical initial symptom of cholinesterase inhibitor intoxication. Pupil constriction (miosis) is actually more common due to increased parasympathetic activity. Therefore, mydriasis does not fit the profile of initial symptoms seen in cholinesterase inhibitor intoxication.
Question 4 of 5
Depolarizing agents include all of the following properties EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because depolarizing agents, like succinylcholine, directly open the nicotinic receptor channel causing prolonged depolarization. Choice B is correct, as depolarizing agents react with the nicotinic receptor to cause depolarization. Choice C is incorrect because desensitization and flaccid paralysis are associated with non-depolarizing agents. Choice D is incorrect because cholinesterase inhibitors can reverse non-depolarizing blockade by preventing acetylcholine breakdown.
Question 5 of 5
Indicate the sympathomimetic, which may cause hypotension, presumably because of a clonidine-like effect:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Xylometazoline is an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist. 2. Activation of alpha-2 receptors centrally leads to reduced sympathetic outflow and vasodilation. 3. Vasodilation can cause hypotension, similar to clonidine's mechanism. 4. Methoxamine (A) and phenylephrine (B) are alpha-1 agonists, causing vasoconstriction. 5. Isoproterenol (D) is a non-selective beta agonist, leading to increased heart rate and contractility, potentially causing hypertension.