Pick one:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The statement "Diabetes mellitus is three times more common in Hispanics than in Blacks or Whites" is accurate and supported by data. Studies have shown that diabetes mellitus, particularly type 2 diabetes, is more prevalent among Hispanic populations compared to Black or White populations. Factors such as genetic predisposition, lifestyle choices, and socioeconomic status can contribute to this disparity. It is important for healthcare providers to be aware of these trends to provide appropriate and culturally sensitive care to individuals at higher risk for diabetes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Lymphangitis, characterized by "streaking" of red lines extending from the site of infection, is frequently seen in cellulitis. Cellulitis is a bacterial skin infection that affects the deeper layers of the skin and subcutaneous tissues. The red streaking in lymphangitis indicates an infection and inflammation of the lymphatic vessels, which are responsible for removing waste and fluids from the tissues. In cellulitis, bacteria enter the skin through a crack or break, leading to infection, inflammation, and the characteristic presentation of lymphangitis. This condition requires prompt medical attention and treatment with antibiotics to prevent further complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In grading pulses, the normal pulse is typically designated as +1. This indicates a pulse that is easily felt, normal in strength, and corresponds to a healthy pulse rate. A +1 pulse is considered regular, not too weak or too strong, and is indicative of good cardiovascular health. Any abnormalities in pulse strength or rate would be graded differently.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: For a patient with a history of hemophilia A complaining of a "funny feeling" in the elbow, suspecting bleeding into the joint, the correct response by the nurse is to notify the physician immediately and expect an order for factor VIII. Hemophilia A is a genetic disorder characterized by a deficiency in clotting factor VIII, leading to prolonged bleeding. In this case, immediate medical intervention in the form of factor VIII replacement therapy is crucial to control and manage the bleeding episode. Urgent treatment aims to prevent complications such as joint damage and to promote hemostasis in patients with hemophilia. Palpating the elbow, preparing for an x-ray, or applying heat are not the appropriate initial actions when managing a suspected bleeding episode in a patient with hemophilia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder, meaning it is carried on the X chromosome. Females have two X chromosomes, while males have one X and one Y chromosome. In this scenario, the female carrier has one X chromosome with the hemophilia gene and one normal X chromosome. When she has children, she has a 50% chance of passing on the X chromosome with the hemophilia gene to her sons. Therefore, half the male children will inherit hemophilia, while half will not. Daughters, on the other hand, have a 50% chance of inheriting the X chromosome with the hemophilia gene but since it is a recessive disorder, they will be carriers of hemophilia rather than having the disease itself.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Offering softer food may not address the underlying issue of refusal.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Childhood obesity is strongly associated with an increased risk of developing Type II diabetes. When children are obese, their body's ability to utilize insulin properly can become compromised, leading to insulin resistance and eventually the development of Type II diabetes. This chronic condition can have serious long-term health consequences if not properly managed, making it crucial for parents to understand the link between childhood obesity and Type II diabetes in order to prevent or address it early on.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Improper formula preparation can lead to inadequate nutrition, causing FTT. This scenario suggests a dietary issue rather than congenital or infectious causes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Dyspnea, or difficulty breathing, may be the first abnormal sign detected in a client with cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle, which can lead to impaired heart function. As the heart's ability to pump blood effectively is compromised, the body may not receive an adequate supply of oxygen-rich blood. This can result in symptoms such as dyspnea, especially during physical exertion or when lying down. Ascites (fluid accumulation in the abdomen), chest pain, and heart murmur may also be seen in clients with cardiomyopathy but are not typically the first signs to present. Dyspnea is often a key indicator that should prompt further evaluation and monitoring for cardiac issues.