ATI RN
Pediatric Nursing Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Physiologic jaundice in a newborn can be caused by:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Physiologic jaundice in a newborn, also known as neonatal jaundice, is a common condition in newborns characterized by yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood. In newborns, the liver is not fully developed, leading to an inability to efficiently process and excrete bilirubin. Bilirubin is a byproduct of the breakdown of red blood cells, and in newborns, the liver may not yet be able to efficiently bind bilirubin for excretion, leading to its accumulation in the blood and manifesting as jaundice. Physiologic jaundice typically occurs around 2 to 4 days after birth and usually resolves on its own without treatment as the baby's liver matures and becomes more efficient at processing bilirubin.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is admitting a preterm newborn to the NICU. Which interventions should the nurse implement to prevent retinopathy? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and pediatric nursing, preventing retinopathy in preterm newborns is crucial. The correct intervention is to decrease exposure to bright, direct lighting (Option B). This is because preterm infants have underdeveloped retinas and are sensitive to bright light, which can contribute to the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). By minimizing light exposure, the nurse can help protect the infant's eyes. The incorrect options are: A) Placing on pulse oximetry is not directly related to preventing retinopathy. While monitoring oxygen levels is important in neonatal care, it is not a specific intervention for preventing ROP. C) Placing on a cardiac monitor also does not directly impact the risk of retinopathy. Cardiac monitoring is important for assessing the infant's cardiac status but does not address eye protection. D) Covering eyes with an eye shield at night is not recommended as a routine intervention for preventing ROP. While eye shields may be used in specific cases where there is a medical indication, it is not a standard practice for all preterm newborns. In pediatric nursing practice, understanding the unique vulnerabilities of preterm infants and implementing targeted interventions, such as reducing exposure to bright light, is essential for providing optimal care and preventing complications like ROP. Nurses play a critical role in advocating for the safety and well-being of their neonatal patients, including implementing evidence-based strategies to mitigate risks associated with prematurity.
Question 3 of 5
When interviewing the mother of a 3-year-old child, the nurse asks about developmental milestones such as the age of walking without assistance. How should this question be considered?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Asking about developmental milestones such as the age at which a child started walking without assistance is considered an important part of the child's past medical history. This information helps the nurse assess if the child is meeting typical developmental milestones for their age. It also provides valuable insight into the child's growth and development, aiding in early identification of any potential developmental delays or concerns. Therefore, in the context of interviewing the mother of a 3-year-old child, inquiring about such developmental milestones is relevant and important for the child's past history.
Question 4 of 5
During a funduscopic examination of a school-age child, the nurse notes a brilliant, uniform red reflex in both eyes. How should the nurse interpret this finding?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A brilliant, uniform red reflex during a funduscopic examination is considered a normal finding. The red reflex is caused by the reflection of light off the retina, specifically the blood vessels in the retina. A uniform red reflex indicates that the light is reflecting evenly from both eyes, suggesting symmetrical and clear lenses and corneas. This finding is typically seen in healthy individuals and is a reassuring sign of normal eye health.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is performing an assessment on a school-age child. Which findings suggest the child is getting an excess of vitamin A? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In pediatric nursing practice, understanding the signs of vitamin A excess is crucial to provide safe and effective care to children. In this scenario, option B, Edema, is indicative of excess vitamin A intake. Vitamin A toxicity can lead to increased intracranial pressure, resulting in symptoms like bulging fontanel, headache, and in severe cases, papilledema. Edema can be a consequence of increased intracranial pressure in children. Options A, delayed sexual development, and C, pruritus, are not typical manifestations of vitamin A excess. Delayed sexual development is more commonly associated with hormonal imbalances or other nutrient deficiencies. Pruritus is often linked to skin conditions, allergies, or liver diseases, rather than vitamin A toxicity. Option D, jaundice, is not a classic sign of vitamin A excess. Jaundice is primarily related to liver dysfunction or hemolysis, not vitamin A toxicity. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing specific signs and symptoms of nutrient excess in pediatric patients. Nurses need to be vigilant in assessing for subtle clues like edema that could indicate potential vitamin A toxicity, ensuring early detection and intervention to prevent further complications.