ATI RN
Principles of Pharmacology Questions
Question 1 of 5
Phase I oxidative-reductive processes of drug metabolism require certain nutritional elements. Which of the following would reduce or inhibit this process?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Phase I metabolism involves enzymes like cytochrome P450, requiring proteins as cofactors. 2. Protein malnutrition reduces enzyme production, hindering the oxidative-reductive process. 3. Iron is necessary for cytochrome P450 activity, so iron deficiency impairs drug metabolism. 4. Option C is correct as both protein malnutrition and iron deficiency inhibit Phase I metabolism. Summary: - Choice A is incorrect because protein malnutrition affects enzyme production. - Choice B is incorrect because iron deficiency hampers cytochrome P450 activity. - Choice D is incorrect as both elements are essential for Phase I drug metabolism.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following substances is the most likely to be absorbed in the intestines rather than in the stomach?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Glucose. Glucose is a small molecule that is primarily absorbed in the small intestine through active transport mechanisms, where most nutrient absorption occurs. The small intestine has a larger surface area and more specialized transport mechanisms for nutrient absorption compared to the stomach. A, Sodium bicarbonate, is mainly absorbed in the stomach as it helps neutralize stomach acid. B, Ascorbic acid, is primarily absorbed in the stomach and the small intestine. C, Salicylic acid, is absorbed in the stomach and upper small intestine. Therefore, D is the most likely substance to be absorbed in the intestines rather than the stomach.
Question 3 of 5
Drugs that use CYP 3A4 isoenzymes for metabolism may:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Drugs metabolized by CYP 3A4 can induce its own metabolism, increasing clearance. Step 2: This induction can also affect other drugs metabolized by CYP 3A4, leading to decreased levels. Step 3: Therefore, choice A is correct. Step 4: Additionally, if CYP 3A4 is inhibited by a drug, it can lead to decreased metabolism of other drugs. Step 5: This inhibition can result in increased levels of the affected drugs. Step 6: Hence, choice B is also correct. Step 7: Combining the effects of induction and inhibition, both choices A and B are true, making choice C the correct answer.
Question 4 of 5
During a medication review session, a patient states, “I do not know why I am taking all of these pills.” Based on this piece of subjective data, which problem will the nurse identify?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Knowledge. The patient's statement indicates a lack of understanding about their medications. This can lead to non-adherence, mismanagement, or harm. Pain (A), fatigue (C), and anxiety (D) are not directly related to the patient's lack of knowledge about their medications. Pain and fatigue may be addressed separately, while anxiety may be a result of the patient's confusion but is not the primary issue identified by the nurse in this scenario.
Question 5 of 5
When developing an individualized medication teaching plan, which topics will the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: A is correct because adherence to the prescribed drug regimen is crucial for treatment success. It ensures the patient takes the right dose at the right time. B is incorrect as different drugs may have different routes of administration. C is incorrect as not all side effects need to be reported. D is incorrect as doubling a missed dose can be dangerous and should not be advised.