ATI RN
Respiratory System NCLEX Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
pharynx is a muscular tube with a length of
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 13cm. The human pharynx is typically around 13cm in length. This length allows for the proper passage of food and liquids from the mouth to the esophagus. Choice B (12cm) is incorrect as it is slightly shorter than the average length of the pharynx. Choice C (5 inches) is also incorrect as it does not correspond to the standard unit of measurement for medical lengths. Choice D (both a and c) is incorrect as 12cm and 5 inches are not equivalent lengths for the pharynx.
Question 2 of 5
Which ion is formed as a result of the action of carbonic anhydrase on carbon dioxide and water?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the reaction between carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). Step 2: This reaction forms carbonic acid (H2CO3). Step 3: Carbonic acid then dissociates into bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) and hydrogen ion (H+). Step 4: Therefore, the ion formed as a result of the action of carbonic anhydrase on CO2 and H2O is the bicarbonate ion (HCO3-). Summary: - Choice A (Sodium ion) is incorrect as it is not involved in the reaction with carbonic anhydrase. - Choice C (Hydroxide ion) is incorrect as it is not a product of the reaction but rather a different compound. - Choice D (Potassium ion) is incorrect as it is not related to the reaction between carbon dioxide and water.
Question 3 of 5
When instructing the client with chronic stable angina it should be emphasized that angina may be brought on by many precipitating factors including the following:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Consumption of a heavy meal can lead to increased blood flow to the digestive system, causing a temporary reduction in blood flow to the heart muscle. Step 2: This reduction can trigger angina symptoms in individuals with chronic stable angina. Step 3: Emphasizing this to the client helps in understanding potential triggers to manage their condition effectively. Step 4: Rest (A) is usually recommended to relieve angina, sudden change in position (B) is not a common trigger, and severe depression (C) can exacerbate angina but is not a direct precipitating factor like heavy meals.
Question 4 of 5
A client who is found unresponsive has the following arterial blood gases: pH 7.12, PCO2 90, and HCO3 26. The nurse interprets the results as indicating which condition?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, respiratory acidosis without compensation. The low pH and high PCO2 levels indicate respiratory acidosis. HCO3 is within normal range, suggesting no metabolic compensation. This is not metabolic acidosis as the HCO3 level is not elevated. Not partial compensation as the HCO3 level is not compensating for the respiratory acidosis.
Question 5 of 5
All of the following states decrease lung compliance EXCEPT
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Emphysema. Emphysema is characterized by destruction of lung tissue, leading to loss of elasticity and increased compliance. Increased compliance means the lungs are easier to expand, contrary to decreased compliance seen in the other conditions listed. Lung fibrosis, increased pulmonary venous pressure, and prolonged lung collapse all lead to decreased lung compliance by causing stiffness, fluid accumulation, and reduced lung expansion, respectively. Therefore, D is the correct answer as it does not decrease lung compliance.