ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Made Easy 4.0 The Hematologic System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Pharmacogenetics is a relatively new area within pharmacology. Which statement best describes the potential of this new area?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pharmacogenetics tailors drugs to genetic profiles (e.g., CYP2C19 for clopidogrel), minimizing unpredictable idiosyncratic responses like rashes. Reducing drug numbers or errors isn't genetics-driven. Cost and efficacy improve indirectly. Customization prevents adverse reactions, its core potential.
Question 2 of 5
A 5-year-old boy is brought to his primary care physician by his parents who say that he often has trouble catching his breath when he has been playing hard outside. He is allergic to peanuts. At the moment, he is breathing fine. Which of the following drugs is commonly used to diagnose suspected asthma?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Suspected asthma in a child with exertional dyspnea requires diagnostic confirmation. Methacholine , a muscarinic agonist, provokes bronchoconstriction in asthmatics during a challenge test, confirming airway hyperresponsiveness. Albuterol is a bronchodilator for treatment, not diagnosis. Neostigmine , a cholinesterase inhibitor, is unrelated. Nicotine and Pilocarpine (E) are irrelevant. Methacholine's ability to induce reversible bronchospasm, measured by spirometry, distinguishes asthmatics from normals, making it standard for diagnosis when symptoms are intermittent, as here.
Question 3 of 5
A 13-year-old male has begun having spells of wheezing and difficulty breathing while playing outside. He is diagnosed with asthma and given an inhaler to treat acute attacks. His medication is working well, but he would also like something to prevent attacks from happening. Which of the following drugs would be best to add to his regimen?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 4 of 5
A 53-year-old man spends his mornings outside gardening. He frequently develops tension headaches, and the only medication he keeps at home is aspirin. After taking two regular-sized aspirin tablets almost daily for a few weeks, which of the following side effects is he most at risk for?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 5 of 5
Peripheral adverse effects of levodopa, including nausea, hypotension, and cardiac arrhythmias, can be diminished by including which of the following drugs in the therapy?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Levodopa's peripheral conversion to dopamine by dopa decarboxylase causes nausea (via chemoreceptor trigger zone stimulation), hypotension, and arrhythmias. Carbidopa, a peripheral dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, prevents this conversion outside the CNS, reducing these side effects while increasing levodopa's brain availability. Amantadine, an NMDA antagonist, boosts dopamine release but doesn't address peripheral metabolism. Ropinirole, a dopamine agonist, bypasses levodopa but doesn't mitigate its effects. Tolcapone, a COMT inhibitor, prolongs levodopa's action but can increase peripheral dopamine if used alone, worsening side effects. Carbidopa's specific blockade of peripheral decarboxylation directly counters these adverse effects, making it the essential adjunct in levodopa therapy.