ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Made Easy 4.0 The Hematologic System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Pharmacogenetics is a relatively new area within pharmacology. Which statement best describes the potential of this new area?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pharmacogenetics tailors drugs to genetic profiles (e.g., CYP2C19 for clopidogrel), minimizing unpredictable idiosyncratic responses like rashes. Reducing drug numbers or errors isn't genetics-driven. Cost and efficacy improve indirectly. Customization prevents adverse reactions, its core potential.
Question 2 of 5
A patient presents fully conscious with acute falciparum malaria following a visit to Nigeria. Which of the following treatments is most appropriate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Acute falciparum malaria from Nigeria, a chloroquine-resistant area, requires effective therapy. Chloroquine is ineffective due to resistance. Proguanil/atovaquone (Malarone) treats uncomplicated falciparum malaria, rapid-acting and well-tolerated, most appropriate here. Primaquine targets liver stages, not acute blood infection. Pyrimethamine and hydroxychloroquine are less effective. Malarone's efficacy ensures rapid parasite clearance, vital in this potentially severe disease.
Question 3 of 5
The client comes to the emergency department with a myocardial infarction. The client's husband tells the nurse that his wife has been taking calcium carbonate (Tums) for years for what she thought was indigestion. What is the best response by the nurse?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Self-diagnosing with Tums masked a myocardial infarction as indigestion, a common misstep, and noting this educates without blame. Blaming the wife or husband is judgmental and unhelpful. Gladness she's there misses teaching opportunity. Stating self-diagnosis's risks highlights the need for medical evaluation, especially in older adults where cardiac symptoms mimic gastrointestinal issues, fostering awareness gently.
Question 4 of 5
What do you assess for in a patient who is on Valproate? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A. Suicidal thoughts: Valproate is commonly used in the treatment of mood disorders like bipolar disorder, and it is known to increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Therefore, it is essential to assess for any signs of suicidal ideation in patients on Valproate.
Question 5 of 5
A 5-year-old boy is brought to his primary care physician by his parents who say that he often has trouble catching his breath when he has been playing hard outside. He is allergic to peanuts. At the moment, he is breathing fine. Which of the following drugs is commonly used to diagnose suspected asthma?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Suspected asthma in a child with exertional dyspnea requires diagnostic confirmation. Methacholine , a muscarinic agonist, provokes bronchoconstriction in asthmatics during a challenge test, confirming airway hyperresponsiveness. Albuterol is a bronchodilator for treatment, not diagnosis. Neostigmine , a cholinesterase inhibitor, is unrelated. Nicotine and Pilocarpine (E) are irrelevant. Methacholine's ability to induce reversible bronchospasm, measured by spirometry, distinguishes asthmatics from normals, making it standard for diagnosis when symptoms are intermittent, as here.