ATI RN
Nursing Care of Vulnerable Populations Questions
Question 1 of 5
Persons in an auditorium might have been exposed to a disease. If they are infected, it is crucial that they receive immediate treatment and not take the problem home to their families. What is the most important factor about the screening test used?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: The sensitivity of the test. Sensitivity measures the ability of a test to correctly identify individuals who have the disease (true positives). In this case, identifying infected individuals accurately is crucial to prevent them from spreading the disease to their families. A high sensitivity ensures that those who are infected are not missed and can receive immediate treatment to prevent further transmission. Choice A (negative predictive value) is incorrect because it focuses on the proportion of negative results that are truly negative, which is not the primary concern in this scenario. Choice B (positive predictive value) is also incorrect as it measures the proportion of positive results that are truly positive, which is important but not as critical as identifying all infected individuals. Choice D (specificity of the test) is not the most important factor in this situation because it measures the ability of the test to correctly identify individuals who do not have the disease (true negatives), which is not the primary concern when dealing with a potential disease outbreak.
Question 2 of 5
A principal comments to the school nurse that it seems there are a lot more problems with asthma among the students than there were before the school was remodeled and expanded a couple of years ago. The nurse decides to check on the principal's observation by reviewing all the school records to determine visits to the health office because of asthma by week and month for the past 5 years. What sort of study is the nurse doing?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Descriptive epidemiological study. In this scenario, the nurse is conducting a study to describe the frequency and distribution of asthma-related health office visits among students over the past 5 years. This type of study aims to summarize data and identify patterns without making causal inferences. It helps in understanding the health issue's prevalence and trends within the school population. Choice B: Ecological study involves analyzing data at the group level, such as comparing different populations or locations. It is not applicable in this context as the focus is on individual health office visits. Choices C and D: Prospective and retrospective cohort studies involve following individuals over time to assess the relationship between an exposure and an outcome. Since the nurse is not following individuals longitudinally in this scenario, these choices are not relevant.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is investigating bacteria that have caused a health problem in the community. Only some of the people exposed to the bacteria have become ill. What could account for this?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Host factors. Host factors refer to individual characteristics that influence susceptibility to a pathogen, such as immune status, genetic predispositions, age, and underlying health conditions. In this scenario, the variation in illness among individuals exposed to the bacteria suggests that host factors play a significant role. Chemical agent factors (A), environmental factors (B), and physical agent factors (D) are not directly related to individual susceptibility and are less likely to explain why only some individuals become ill after exposure to the bacteria. Therefore, the most plausible explanation for the differing outcomes is the variation in host factors among the exposed individuals.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse believes the new mouth care procedure (MCP) is causing more mouth problems than it is helping to avoid. What must be present for the nurse to go to administration with confidence that the new mouth care procedure (MCP) is causing problems? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: A plausible explanation of how the new MCP could cause harm is essential. This shows a logical understanding of the potential risks associated with the procedure. Step 2: Without a plausible explanation, the nurse's strong feeling (choice B) may be biased and subjective, lacking evidence-based reasoning. Step 3: Consistently seeing mouth inflammation (choice C) could be coincidental or due to other factors, not necessarily directly linked to the new MCP. Step 4: Documentation from patient records (choice D) is important but may not conclusively prove causation without a clear understanding of the mechanism by which the new MCP could cause harm.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse observes the interaction between a father and his school-age child during which the father tells the
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Esteem. In the interaction, the father's behavior may affect the child's sense of self-worth and confidence, which are components of esteem needs in Maslow's hierarchy. Esteem needs involve feeling respected, valued, and having a sense of accomplishment. Self-actualization (B) is higher in the hierarchy and pertains to fulfilling one's potential. Social needs (D) relate to belongingness and relationships, which are not directly impacted in this scenario. Choice A is incorrect as it is too general and does not specifically address the impact on the child's self-esteem.