Persistence of the umbilical cord beyond which time should prompt consideration of an underlying abnormality

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the normal progression of umbilical cord separation is crucial in identifying potential underlying abnormalities. The correct answer is C) 30 days. The umbilical cord typically falls off within 1-4 weeks after birth. If the cord persists beyond 30 days, it could indicate an underlying issue such as an umbilical granuloma, umbilical hernia, or an infection. Prompt evaluation and intervention may be necessary to prevent complications. Option A) 10 days is too early for the cord to have naturally separated, making it incorrect. Option B) 20 days is closer to the normal range but still early for consideration of an abnormality. Option D) 40 days is too late and could lead to delays in addressing any underlying issues. Educationally, this question reinforces the importance of monitoring umbilical cord separation in newborns. It highlights the significance of recognizing potential abnormalities and the need for timely intervention. Understanding these timelines and potential complications is essential for pediatric nurses to provide quality care to newborns and their families.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question from the Pediatric Nursing Test Bank, the correct answer is option A) asthma. Asthma is a medical condition associated with a high incidence of panic attacks due to the distressing nature of asthma exacerbations, which can mimic symptoms of panic attacks such as shortness of breath and chest tightness. Option B) rheumatoid arthritis, option C) common variable immune deficiency, and option D) sickle cell anemia are less likely to be associated with a high incidence of panic attacks compared to asthma. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the joints. Common variable immune deficiency is a primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by low levels of antibodies. Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder affecting red blood cells. Educationally, understanding the association between asthma and panic attacks is crucial for pediatric nurses as they care for children with asthma who may experience panic attacks during exacerbations. Recognizing the signs of panic attacks in children with asthma can lead to prompt intervention and improved outcomes. This knowledge enhances holistic care and promotes the overall well-being of pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the manifestations of mood disorders in children is crucial for providing effective care. In the case of a 9-year-old boy experiencing periods of mania alternating with depression, the hallmark of mania is a decreased need for sleep (Option D). This is because during manic episodes, individuals often experience heightened energy levels and decreased need for rest or sleep due to racing thoughts and increased activity. This symptom is particularly significant in children as it can impact their overall well-being and functioning. Excessive talking (Option A) and excessive giggling (Option B) are common behaviors seen in manic episodes, but they are not as specific or consistent as the decreased need for sleep. While racing thoughts (Option C) are also characteristic of mania, they are more subjective and may not always be observable by others. In an educational context, it is important for nursing students to understand the nuances of pediatric mood disorders to accurately assess and intervene in such cases. Recognizing the key features of mania, like a decreased need for sleep, can guide nurses in providing appropriate care and support to children experiencing these challenging symptoms.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) negative symptoms are most frequent in early childhood and later adolescence. Childhood-onset schizophrenia is a rare and severe form of the disorder. Negative symptoms, such as social withdrawal, lack of emotion, and reduced motivation, are more common in early childhood and later adolescence in children with schizophrenia. This is due to the impact of the illness on the child's developing brain and social skills. Option A is incorrect because childhood-onset schizophrenia is not indicative of a milder form of the disorder. In fact, it is often associated with more severe symptoms and a poorer prognosis compared to adult-onset schizophrenia. Option B is incorrect as research suggests that childhood-onset schizophrenia is more prevalent in boys than in girls, contrary to the statement provided. Option C is incorrect as hallucinations in childhood-onset schizophrenia are not mainly tactile misperceptions. Children with this condition commonly experience auditory hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking. Educationally, understanding the unique characteristics of childhood-onset schizophrenia is crucial for pediatric nurses to provide appropriate care and support for these vulnerable patients. Recognizing the prevalence of negative symptoms at different stages of childhood can aid in early identification and intervention, leading to improved outcomes for affected children and their families.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, understanding somatoform disorders is crucial for providing holistic care to children. The correct answer is B) asthma. Asthma is a respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, which is not classified as a somatoform disorder. A) Conversion reaction involves the manifestation of psychological distress through physical symptoms, such as paralysis or blindness, without a clear organic cause. This is a somatoform disorder. C) Hypochondriasis is a somatoform disorder where individuals have a preoccupation with having a serious illness despite medical reassurance. D) Pain disorders, such as somatic symptom disorder, involve experiencing significant pain that is not fully explained by medical conditions. These are also classified as somatoform disorders. Educationally, it is important for pediatric nurses to differentiate between various disorders to provide appropriate care and support to children and their families. Recognizing somatoform disorders helps in addressing the psychosocial aspects of health and promoting overall well-being in pediatric patients.