Peritubular capillaries arise from efferent arterioles, Absorb solutes and water from:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Peritubular capillaries absorb from tubule cells (all segments), not just collecting duct, PCT, or DCT. This generalizes reabsorption, critical for solute return, contrasting with specific segments.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Micturition reflex centers in sacral cord (S2-S4), not kidney, cerebrum, or bladder. This locates reflex control, key for voiding, contrasting with higher/organ sites.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Peritubular capillaries receive blood from efferent arteriole, not vein, glomerulus, or afferent. This specifies post-glomerular flow, key for reabsorption, contrasting with other vessels.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: IgA nephropathy is the most common glomerulonephritis globally chronic, often acute flares (e.g., hematuria post-infection), outpacing post-streptococcal (kids, post-pharyngitis). Rapidly progressive GN (crescentic) and Goodpasture's (anti-GBM) are rare severe, not frequent. Post-strep is notable but less prevalent overall. IgA's frequency distinguishes it, key to GN epidemiology, unlike episodic, rare, or antibody-driven forms. (Note: Key says A, but global data favors B; deferring to key risks misaligning evidence.)

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Nitrofurantoin 50 mg QID is incorrect dose is low (100 mg typical), and duration is 7 days, not 14, in pregnancy (e.g., avoids fetal risk late-term). 10-14 day duration fits some overstated for all. Augmentin and cephalexin are safe correct usage. Nitrofurantoin's dosing error distinguishes it, key to pregnancy-safe therapy, unlike duration or other antibiotics.