Peristalsis in the muscle component of the human e

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Digestive System Multiple Choice Questions Questions

Question 1 of 5

Peristalsis in the muscle component of the human esophagus is produced by:

A. A gradient in slow waves going from the top to the bottom B. Gravity moving swallowed food down the esophagus C. Simultaneous contraction of the entire longitudinal muscle layer D. Sequential firing of the extrinsic nerves from the nucleus ambiguous

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Sequential firing of vagal nerves from the nucleus ambiguus coordinates esophageal peristalsis, moving food downward.

Question 2 of 5

How many muscles does the action of swallowing use?

A. 92 B. 6 C. 60 D. 29

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Swallowing involves approximately 29 muscles, including those in the pharynx and esophagus, coordinated by the autonomic nervous system.

Question 3 of 5

Trypsin is an endopeptidase. What does this mean?

A. It breaks the protein from the ends and middle forming smaller molecules B. It breaks the protein from the ends forming amino acids C. It breaks down carbohydrates forming sugars D. It breaks the protein in the middle of the molecule forming smaller polypeptides

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Trypsin, an endopeptidase, cleaves peptide bonds within protein chains, producing smaller polypeptides.

Question 4 of 5

The secondary messenger is often:

A. cAMP (cyclic Adenosine Mono Phosphate) B. ATP (adenosine tri phosphate) C. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) D. GPO (general post office)

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: cAMP is a common secondary messenger in hormone signaling pathways.

Question 5 of 5

The cells of the proximal convoluted tubule contain a lot of mitochondria. Why?

A. Mitochondria produce the energy required for the passive transport of compounds across the membrane B. Mitochondria produce the energy required for the diffusion of compounds across the membrane C. Mitochondria produce the energy required for the pumping of compounds through the tubules D. Mitochondria produce the energy required for the active transport of compounds across the membrane

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Mitochondria provide ATP for active transport of nutrients like glucose in the proximal convoluted tubule.

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Peristalsis in the muscle component of the human esophagus is produced by:

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