ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Made Easy 4.0 The Hematologic System Questions
Question 1 of 4
Peripheral adverse effects of levodopa, including nausea, hypotension, and cardiac arrhythmias, can be diminished by including which of the following drugs in the therapy?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Levodopa's peripheral conversion to dopamine by dopa decarboxylase causes nausea (via chemoreceptor trigger zone stimulation), hypotension, and arrhythmias. Carbidopa, a peripheral dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, prevents this conversion outside the CNS, reducing these side effects while increasing levodopa's brain availability. Amantadine, an NMDA antagonist, boosts dopamine release but doesn't address peripheral metabolism. Ropinirole, a dopamine agonist, bypasses levodopa but doesn't mitigate its effects. Tolcapone, a COMT inhibitor, prolongs levodopa's action but can increase peripheral dopamine if used alone, worsening side effects. Carbidopa's specific blockade of peripheral decarboxylation directly counters these adverse effects, making it the essential adjunct in levodopa therapy.
Question 2 of 4
The physician has prescribed haloperidol (Haldol) for the patient with schizophrenia. What is the priority patient outcome?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Haloperidol treats schizophrenia's positive symptoms, but compliance is the priority outcome, as relapse follows non-adherence. Fluids/fiber manage side effects. Hallucination reduction depends on compliance. Restlessness signals issues, not a goal. B ensures treatment success, making it the priority.
Question 3 of 4
The nurse is caring for a client receiving IV vancomycin (Vancocin). Which infusion-related reaction should the nurse monitor for?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vancomycin, used for resistant infections, can cause red man syndrome 'flushing, rash, and pruritus on the upper body'due to histamine release from rapid IV infusion. Monitoring for this allows slowing the rate (e.g., over 1-2 hours), preventing discomfort or anaphylactoid reactions. Hypotension may occur secondary to this but isn't primary. Fever and nausea are less specific to infusion speed. Red man syndrome's distinct presentation ties directly to vancomycin's administration, a well-known risk mitigated by nursing vigilance. This focus ensures safe delivery, distinguishing it from systemic effects, making A the key reaction to watch during infusion.
Question 4 of 4
The following drugs are most commonly associated with ototoxicity:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.