People with immune deficiencies may have a negative tuberculosis (TB) skin test (Mantoux), even though they are infected. Which of the following measurements will the CHN conclude to be low when the TB skin test is given to persons with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sensitivity. When a person with AIDS receives a TB skin test, their immune system may be too weak to mount a response, leading to a false negative result. Sensitivity refers to the test's ability to correctly identify those with the disease, making it low in this case. A: Positive predictive value is the likelihood that a positive test result truly indicates the presence of the disease, which is not affected by the weakened immune system in AIDS. B: Reliability refers to the consistency of a test's results, which is not directly impacted by the immune deficiency in AIDS. D: Specificity is the test's ability to correctly identify those without the disease, which is also not directly influenced by the immune deficiency in AIDS.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Immunizations. Healthy public policies are those that promote and protect health at a population level. Immunizations are a classic example as they prevent the spread of infectious diseases, reduce healthcare costs, and improve overall community health outcomes. Immunizations align with the role of a community health nurse as an advocate for public policy that benefits the community's health. Choice B (Behaviour change) is not a public policy but rather an individual-level intervention. Choice C (Marketing materials) is not a public policy related to health promotion. Choice D (Crib/bed safety initiatives for infants and young children) is important for child safety, but it does not fall under the category of a healthy public policy.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Risk reduction activities. In a health risk appraisal, the CHN assesses factors contributing to health risks and develops strategies to reduce these risks. This includes identifying potential health hazards, vulnerabilities, and behaviors that may lead to health problems. Choice A, health promotion activities, focuses on promoting healthy behaviors rather than specifically assessing risks. Choice B, illness prevention activities, aims to prevent illnesses but doesn't necessarily assess overall health risks. Choice D, unhealthy events, is too broad and doesn't capture the comprehensive assessment of risks that a health risk appraisal entails.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Absence of culturally appropriate care. Mexican migrant farm workers face language barriers, lack of understanding of the healthcare system, and cultural differences that can impact their ability to access and receive appropriate care. Culturally appropriate care considers their beliefs, practices, and language preferences, promoting trust and improving health outcomes. B: Availability of specialists may not be a specific additional barrier for Mexican migrant farm workers compared to other rural residents. C: Distance of health care facilities affects all rural residents similarly and is not unique to Mexican migrant farm workers. D: Lack of anonymity is not a significant additional barrier for Mexican migrant farm workers in accessing healthcare compared to the cultural barriers they face.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it provides the most comprehensive and inclusive definition of women's health. It acknowledges that women's health encompasses health promotion, protection, and maintenance throughout their entire lifespan, addressing various aspects beyond just gynecological and reproductive wellness. Choice A focuses solely on gynecological and reproductive aspects, limiting the scope of women's health. Choice B emphasizes specific life stages but overlooks the broader concept of women's health. Choice D narrows down women's health to the management of unique conditions, neglecting the preventive and holistic approach encapsulated in choice C. Overall, choice C best encapsulates the multifaceted nature of women's health.