Pediatricians must understand normal limb development so as to recognize pathologic conditions during routine and targeted exams. Of the following, the TRUE statement is

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Normal tibiofemoral alignment at birth is varus, not valgus (A is false); physiologic varus peaks earlier (B is incorrect); and a neutral to slight valgus is typical by 5-8 years (C is wrong). Persistence of varus beyond 2 years may indicate pathology like Blount's disease.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Biceps function is not typically assessed for clavicular fractures, as it is not directly related to prognosis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Shoulder injuries, particularly rotator cuff issues, are most common in swimmers due to repetitive overhead motion.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Supination of the forearm is the standard reduction maneuver for nursemaid's elbow, often resolving the issue immediately. Radiographs or antibiotics aren't needed without fracture or infection signs.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Flexible flatfeet are typically painless and common in children, resolving with age.