Pediatric patients with uncomplicated ureteral stones less than 10 mm are best managed with

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Alpha blockers (e.g., tamsulosin) best manage <10 mm pediatric ureteral stones relax ureter, aiding passage, non-invasive. ESWL (shock waves) is effective more invasive. Laser lithotripsy requires ureteroscopy surgical. Ureterolithotomy is open surgery last resort. Medical expulsion distinguishes it, key to conservative pediatric care, unlike procedural options.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Creatinine, from muscle creatine breakdown, is excreted by kidneys, unlike urea (protein), uric acid (purines), or creatine (precursor). This identifies muscle-specific waste, key for renal clearance, contrasting with other metabolites.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Reabsorption moves solutes from tubules to peritubular capillaries, not loop (site), corpuscle (filtration), or pyramid (structure). This defines reabsorption pathway, key for reclaiming substances, contrasting with filtration sites.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Kidneys are retroperitoneal (behind peritoneum), not pelvic, peritoneal, or abdominal (general). This specifies anatomical position, key for surgical access, contrasting with intraperitoneal organs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Uric acid arises from purine (nucleotide) breakdown, not protein (urea), carbohydrate, or pyrimidine. This specifies metabolic source, key for gout, contrasting with other pathways.