ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Exam Practice Questions
Question 1 of 5
Patients should avoid what drink while taking Alprazolam?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Patients taking Alprazolam should avoid consuming grapefruit juice. Grapefruit juice can interfere with the metabolism of Alprazolam in the body, leading to increased levels of the medication in the bloodstream. This can potentiate the sedative effects of Alprazolam and increase the risk of side effects or overdose. It is best to consult with a healthcare provider or pharmacist regarding any potential interactions with grapefruit juice and medications.
Question 2 of 5
The following are first-line drugs for hypertension in diabetics with proteinuria:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: ACE inhibitors like Lisinopril are preferred in diabetics with proteinuria due to their nephroprotective effects.
Question 3 of 5
Pregnancy advise is given in what Part of the MIMS:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pregnancy advice is typically provided under the "Preg. Cat." section in the MIMS (Monthly Index of Medical Specialities) guide or database. This section specifically categorizes medications based on their safety profiles during pregnancy, providing healthcare professionals with essential information to make informed decisions regarding drug use in pregnant patients. It includes details on pregnancy categories that classify drugs according to their potential risks during pregnancy, guiding healthcare providers on the appropriateness of prescribing certain medications to pregnant individuals. Therefore, for pregnancy-related advice in the context of medication safety, referring to the "Preg. Cat." section in the MIMS is the most relevant source of information.
Question 4 of 5
The following are true for adrenaline EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Adrenaline, or epinephrine, is a catecholamine that exerts its effects through adrenergic receptors, which are G-protein-coupled, making its action via G-proteins a true statement. Alpha receptor stimulation typically inhibits adenylate cyclase, reducing cyclic AMP (cAMP) production, which aligns with its known pharmacology and is also true. Adrenaline can indeed be administered via inhalation (e.g., for asthma), orally (though less common), and parenterally (e.g., intramuscularly in anaphylaxis), confirming this as true. However, adrenaline does have active metabolites, such as metanephrine and normetanephrine, produced via catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) metabolism, making the statement about having no active metabolites false. In cardiac arrest, it facilitates CPR by causing peripheral vasoconstriction, increasing coronary perfusion pressure, which is true. The false statement here is about the absence of active metabolites, as adrenaline's breakdown products retain some activity, a key point in understanding its pharmacokinetics and duration of effect.
Question 5 of 5
Recent studies into the pathogenesis of halothane-induced malignant hyperthermia indicate which of the following as the likely implicating cause?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Malignant hyperthermia (MH) from halothane involves excitation-contraction coupling defects . MH, a genetic disorder, stems from ryanodine receptor (RYR1) mutations, causing uncontrolled calcium release in muscle, not drug toxicity . Sodium defects , oxygen deficits , or neural overmodulation (E) aren't implicated. This coupling defect triggers hypermetabolism, explaining MH's rapid onset with halothane exposure.