Patient Josephine was referred to the physician, routine blood examinations were taken. After reviewing the serum electrolyte. levels an order of isotonic intravenous (IV) infusion was prescribed. Which IV solution should the nurse prepare?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The order for isotonic intravenous (IV) infusion indicates that the IV solution should have an osmolarity similar to that of blood serum, which is approximately 0.9 percent sodium chloride solution (normal saline). In the given choices, the closest option to isotonic solution is the 0.45 percent sodium chloride solution. This solution is hypotonic compared to blood serum, making it a suitable choice for isotonic IV infusion to prevent fluid shifts and maintain electrolyte balance in the patient. The other options, such as 5 percent dextrose in water (hypotonic), 10 percent dextrose in water (hypertonic), and 3 percent sodium chloride solution (hypertonic), do not match the requirement for an isotonic IV solution in this case.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The described clinical presentation of a yellowish-white spot on the cornea with a ring of inflammation, along with branching, filamentous opacities extending from the corneal lesion, is highly suggestive of fungal keratitis. Fungal keratitis is commonly caused by filamentous fungi such as Fusarium and Aspergillus species. The characteristic finding of branching, filamentous opacities seen on slit-lamp examination is classic for fungal infections of the cornea. It is important to promptly diagnose and treat fungal keratitis since delayed or inadequate management can result in vision-threatening complications.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A nurse should have a sense of accountability for his actions. This means taking responsibility for one's decisions and behaviors while working in the healthcare setting. Accountability ensures that the nurse is aware of the consequences of his actions and is willing to accept ownership and follow through on commitments. It is a critical aspect of nursing practice as it helps maintain professional standards, promote patient safety, and uphold trust and integrity within the profession. Nurses are entrusted with the well-being of their patients, so being accountable for their actions is essential in providing high-quality care and maintaining ethical standards.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The presence of ecchymosis (bruising) and significant swelling in the perineum despite analgesic medication suggests a potential complication such as a hematoma. A hematoma is a collection of blood that can occur due to trauma or during childbirth. It is important to notify the healthcare provider immediately so that further assessment and interventions, such as drainage of the hematoma, can be initiated promptly to prevent complications and alleviate the client's pain. Applying ice packs or encouraging the client to sit on a donut cushion may provide temporary relief but will not address the underlying issue of a potentially serious hematoma. Administering additional analgesic medication may not be effective in this case if the pain is primarily due to the hematoma. Prompt notification of the healthcare provider is crucial for proper management of this situation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: #NAME?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Convenience sampling involves selecting participants who are readily available or easy to access. In this scenario, choosing to interview nurses who happen to be in the conference room where the activity is scheduled falls under convenience sampling as they are easily accessible at that moment. While convenience sampling may be convenient, it may introduce bias and may not represent the entire population accurately.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Deductive reasoning is a logical process in which conclusions are drawn from a set of premises or given information. In quantitative research, this type of reasoning is commonly used to test hypotheses and make predictions based on theories and existing knowledge. Researchers start with established theories or hypotheses and then collect data to either support or refute them. This structured approach aligns with the principles of deductive reasoning and is a key characteristic of quantitative research methodology.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Long-term corticosteroid use in patients with rheumatoid arthritis can lead to osteoporosis, which is a common complication. Osteoporosis causes weakening of the bones, increasing the risk of fractures, particularly in weight-bearing bones such as the hip, spine, and wrist. Osteoporotic fractures are a significant concern in patients on long-term corticosteroid therapy, highlighting the importance of monitoring bone health and considering preventive measures such as calcium, Vitamin D supplementation, and regular bone density testing. While osteonecrosis of the femoral head and avascular necrosis of the talus can also occur as complications of corticosteroid use, osteoporotic fractures are more commonly associated with this type of therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Septic arthritis, on the other hand, is not directly related to corticosteroid use but can occur due to other factors such as joint infections.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The appropriate initial management for a conscious patient experiencing a syncopal episode (fainting) is to provide reassurance and assist the patient to a lying position. This is important to ensure adequate blood flow to the brain and to prevent further injury in case the patient faints again. Elevating the legs above the level of the heart is not recommended as a routine intervention for syncope. Administering intravenous fluids rapidly is not usually needed in the initial management of syncope without signs of dehydration or significant bleeding. Administering oxygen via nasal cannula is not necessary for most cases of syncope unless there are specific indications such as signs of respiratory distress.