Patient Josephine asks why her labor is much shorter compared to previous deliveries. Which of the following is the BEST RESPONSE?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The statement "Multigravida patient has shorter labor" is the best response to Patient Josephine's question about her shorter labor compared to previous deliveries. In obstetrics, it is commonly observed that labor tends to be shorter in patients who have had previous pregnancies (multigravida patients) due to factors such as prior cervical changes and previous stretching of the birth canal. This phenomenon is known as "multigravida cervical efficiency," and it can lead to faster and more efficient labors in subsequent pregnancies for women who have had previous deliveries.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Nurse Trining explained about confidentiality in relation to observing respect for privacy. Confidentiality is the duty to keep patient information private and not disclose it without the patient's consent. It is a fundamental principle in healthcare that helps build trust between patients and healthcare providers. By maintaining confidentiality, healthcare professionals uphold the ethical obligation to protect patients' privacy and sensitive information, ensuring that they feel safe and respected during their interactions with the healthcare system.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The night nurse is expected to collect the patient charts from various departments every three nights. Among the tasks listed, binding the charts as they are is not typically a responsibility of the night nurse. This task is usually handled by administrative staff or professional medical records technicians who are trained to manage the organization and storage of patient charts. The night nurse's primary focus should be on ensuring the correct order of the charts, checking for completeness, and addressing any issues such as torn pages by taping or repairing them to maintain the integrity of the patient records.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rhinitis is inflammation of the nasal mucosa, and common clinical manifestations include nasal congestion (blockage or stuffiness), rhinorrhea (runny nose), and sneezing. These symptoms are often present in both allergic and non-allergic rhinitis. While headaches, sore throat, and fever can occur in some cases, they are not as specific to rhinitis as nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, and sneezing.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Breastfeeding is actually a protective factor against acute otitis media (AOM) in children due to the antibodies and nutrients present in breast milk that help strengthen the immune system and the Eustachian tube function. Swimming, exposure to cigarette smoke, and poor hygiene are all risk factors for AOM. Swimming can introduce water into the ears, which can lead to infections. Exposure to cigarette smoke can irritate the mucous membranes in the respiratory tract and increase the risk of infections. Poor hygiene can lead to the spread of bacteria that can cause AOM.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Cultural competence is the process of acquiring specific knowledge, skills, and attitudes to effectively work with individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds. It involves understanding and respecting the values, beliefs, languages, and practices of different cultures in order to provide appropriate care and services. Cultural competence goes beyond just learning about different cultures; it requires the development of skills and attitudes that promote effective communication, understanding, and collaboration with individuals of diverse backgrounds. This includes being aware of one's own biases, being open-minded, and adapting practices to be inclusive and respectful of cultural differences. Ultimately, cultural competence is essential in providing high-quality, respectful, and effective care to clients from various cultural backgrounds.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Nurse Parker functioned independently when she initiated the visit by arranging for the clergy to see patient Ximena. In this scenario, the nurse took the initiative on her own without needing approval or direction from others. She recognized the patient's request for spiritual guidance and took independent action to meet that need. Independently functioning in this context demonstrates the nurse's autonomy and ability to make decisions based on the patient's preferences and well-being.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When discharging a suicidal patient who has been taking tricyclic antidepressant drugs, it is crucial for the nurse to evaluate the risk for suicide by overdose of the medication. Tricyclic antidepressants have a narrow therapeutic index, meaning that the difference between a therapeutic dose and a toxic dose can be quite small. This makes them particularly dangerous in cases of overdose, as they can lead to severe toxic effects, including cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, and death.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Process evaluation focuses on assessing how well the activities and procedures are being conducted to achieve the desired outcomes. In this situation, the long waiting period in the OPD is a process issue related to the efficiency of patient flow and appointment scheduling practices. By implementing a process evaluation, the QA team can analyze and improve the workflow, identify bottlenecks causing delays, and streamline the processes to reduce waiting times for patients. This approach allows the team to make targeted improvements in the processes directly associated with the patient experience, leading to a more effective and efficient OPD operation.