Parkinson's disease is associated with the loss of which of the following neurotransmitter?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Dopamine. Parkinson's disease is primarily caused by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain. Dopamine is crucial for controlling movement, mood, and cognition. Serotonin (A) is not directly related to Parkinson's. Adrenaline (B) is involved in the fight-or-flight response, not Parkinson's. GABA (D) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter, not typically associated with Parkinson's disease.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, promoting health and preventing disease, as the primary goal of community health nursing is to focus on improving the overall health of the community. This involves implementing strategies to prevent disease and promote wellness through education, advocacy, and community partnerships. Providing direct care to sick individuals (B) is typically the role of acute care nurses. Managing chronic conditions (C) is important but not the primary goal of community health nursing. Evaluating health programs (D) is a component of community health nursing but is not the primary goal.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Grouping and crossmatching. This procedure involves determining the patient's blood type (grouping) and testing for compatibility with the donor blood (crossmatching). It ensures that the recipient receives compatible blood, minimizing the risk of transfusion reactions. B: Complete blood count is not specific to detecting incompatibilities for transfusions. C: D-dimer test is used to detect blood clotting disorders, not blood transfusion incompatibilities. D: Blood clotting test assesses the ability of blood to clot, not compatibility for transfusions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Secondary prevention aims to detect and treat diseases at an early stage. 2. Health screenings help identify early signs of disease before symptoms appear. 3. Early detection allows for prompt intervention to prevent disease progression. 4. Administering immunizations (A) is an example of primary prevention. 5. Providing rehabilitation services (C) is an example of tertiary prevention. 6. Educating the public (D) focuses on promoting healthy behaviors, also a primary prevention strategy. Summary: Option B is correct as it aligns with the goal of secondary prevention by detecting diseases early. Options A, C, and D are incorrect as they represent primary prevention, tertiary prevention, and health promotion strategies, respectively.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Advocating for health policy changes. This action demonstrates a proactive approach to address systemic health issues at a community level. By advocating for health policy changes, the healthcare professional can influence and implement policies that have a broad impact on community health outcomes. This action goes beyond individual-level interventions and focuses on addressing root causes of health disparities. Providing health education (A) and conducting community assessments (B) are important steps, but advocating for policy changes has a broader and more sustainable impact. Developing health policies (D) is a necessary step, but advocating for changes implies actively working towards implementing those policies.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Advocating for health policy changes. Nurses play a crucial role in promoting community health by advocating for policies that address social determinants of health, improve access to healthcare, and create healthier environments. By influencing health policies, nurses can have a broader impact on population health compared to individual health assessments (A), group health education (C), or developing policies (D), which are important but not primary roles for promoting community health. Advocating for health policy changes allows nurses to address systemic issues that impact the health and well-being of communities on a larger scale.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because social determinants of health refer to the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age, which significantly impact their health outcomes. These factors include socioeconomic status, education, neighborhood environment, employment, and social support. Genetics and individual behavior (choice A) are important but only part of the broader determinants. Availability of health services and technology (choice C) and access to health care services (choice D) are important but do not encompass the full range of social determinants that influence health.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because in a complete spinal injury, both motor and sensory functions are lost below the level of the injury. This occurs due to the disruption of communication between the brain and the rest of the body. Choice A is incorrect as it implies that only some functions are lost, which is not the case in a complete injury. Choice B is incorrect because sensory functions are also affected in a complete spinal injury. Choice C is incorrect as it suggests that only sensory functions are lost, which is not true for a complete spinal injury.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: William Morton. He was a dentist who demonstrated the use of ether as an anesthetic in 1846. Morton's successful use of ether during a surgical procedure paved the way for the widespread adoption of anesthesia in medicine. Robert Koch is known for his work in microbiology, not anesthesia. Joseph Lister is known for pioneering antiseptic surgical techniques. Sushruta was an ancient Indian physician known for his contributions to surgery, but he did not discover anesthesia.