Parents with ill child came to the infectionist. They worked in one of the Asian countries for a long time. Child has eathy colored skin, loss of appetite, laxity, enlarged liver, spleen, peripheral glands. What protozoan illness can this child have?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Visceral leishmaniasis. This disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania, which is transmitted by sandfly bites. The symptoms described in the question, such as enlarged liver and spleen, peripheral gland enlargement, and eathy colored skin, are characteristic of visceral leishmaniasis. Amebiasis (choice A) typically presents with gastrointestinal symptoms, Balantidiasis (choice B) is caused by a different parasite and presents with dysentery, and Lambliasis (choice D) is caused by Giardia lamblia and presents with diarrhea.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: BKV. BK virus can cause hemorrhagic cystitis in immunocompromised patients by infecting the urinary tract. It primarily affects the renal tubular epithelial cells, leading to hemorrhagic cystitis. EBV (A) causes infectious mononucleosis, HSV1 (C) causes oral and genital herpes, and JCV (D) causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, none of which are associated with hemorrhagic cystitis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: cultivating on artificial media and biochemical identification. This method is appropriate for diagnosing listeriosis because it allows for the isolation and growth of Listeria species on selective media, followed by biochemical tests to confirm the identity. Serological diagnosis with ELISA (choice B) is not as specific for Listeria and may yield false positives. Choice C, serological diagnosis with agglutination hype Widal, is not typically used for listeriosis diagnosis. Cultivating in cell cultures (choice D) is not the primary method for diagnosing listeriosis as it is less specific compared to cultivating on artificial media and biochemical identification.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, "All of the above." Clostridium botulinum produces botulinum toxin causing botulism, Vibrio cholerae produces cholera toxin leading to severe diarrhea, and certain strains of Escherichia coli produce toxins causing gastrointestinal illness. Therefore, all three bacteria are known for producing toxins that can cause severe gastrointestinal illness. Choices A, B, and C individually represent bacteria known for producing toxins that can cause severe gastrointestinal illness, making them incorrect individual choices.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Chrysophyta. Diatoms are classified under the division Chrysophyta due to their unique characteristics, such as possessing a cell wall made of silica (siliceous frustule) and containing chlorophyll a and c for photosynthesis. Chrysophyta includes golden-brown algae, which diatoms are a part of. Rhodophyta (B) includes red algae, Chlorophyta (C) includes green algae, and Phaeophyta (D) includes brown algae. These choices are incorrect as they do not align with the specific characteristics and classification of diatoms within the kingdom Protista.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, "All of the above." Escherichia coli is the most common bacteria causing UTIs due to its ability to colonize the urinary tract. Salmonella enterica and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are not typically associated with UTIs. Therefore, by process of elimination, since A is correct, B and C are incorrect.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Continuous infection with long incubation period. Fudrjant fern of injection is a term used to describe an infection that is continuously present in the body after being introduced through injection. The long incubation period refers to the time between the injection and when symptoms of the infection become apparent. This choice is correct as it accurately describes the characteristics of fudrjant fern of injection. Choice B is incorrect because chronic infections typically have a long duration, not a short incubation period. Choice C is incorrect as immediate infections would not have a long incubation period. Choice D is incorrect because a 'sleeping' infection implies a dormant state, not continuous presence in the body as seen in fudrjant fern of injection.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ziehl-Neelsen staining method was applied. 1. Ziehl's solution is used as a primary stain in Ziehl-Neelsen staining for acid-fast organisms like Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 2. Sulfuric acid is used as a decolorizer to remove excess stain. 3. Methylene blue is not part of the Ziehl-Neelsen staining method. 4. Burri's, Gram's, and Peshkov's staining methods are not used for acid-fast staining.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: protozoan. Babesiosis is caused by a protozoan parasite called Babesia. Protozoans are single-celled organisms that can cause various diseases in humans. Babesiosis is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected ticks. Bacteria (choice A), viruses (choice B), and helminths (choice C) are not responsible for causing babesiosis. Bacteria are typically responsible for diseases like Lyme disease, viruses for illnesses like Zika, and helminths for infections such as parasitic worms. Thus, the correct choice for the causative agent of babesiosis is a protozoan.