Parents tell the nurse that their child keeps scratching the areas where he has poison ivy. The nurse's response should be based on which knowledge?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Scratching the lesions caused by poison ivy may result in them becoming secondarily infected. It is important to advise against scratching the affected areas to prevent the introduction of bacteria from under the fingernails or through broken skin, which can lead to infection. This can complicate the initial skin irritation caused by the poison ivy rash. Encouraging the child to avoid scratching and keeping the affected areas clean can help prevent secondary infections and promote healing.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: When an infant becomes apneic (stops breathing), the appropriate action is to gently stimulate the trunk by patting or rubbing. This can help stimulate the infant to resume breathing. It is important to avoid any rough handling or shaking as this can cause harm to the infant. Rolling the head side to side or holding the infant by the feet upside down is not recommended in this situation and could potentially be dangerous. Gently stimulating the trunk is a safe and appropriate response to help the infant start breathing again.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A strawberry hemangioma, also known as an infantile hemangioma, is a bright red, rubbery nodule with a rough surface and a well-defined margin that may be present at birth or appear shortly after. This common type of benign vascular tumor occurs on the skin and typically grows rapidly during the first few months of life before eventually shrinking and disappearing by early childhood. It is composed of an overgrowth of blood vessels and is considered a benign condition that generally does not require treatment unless it interferes with vision, breathing, or other essential functions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Physiologic jaundice in a newborn, also known as neonatal jaundice, is a common condition in newborns characterized by yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood. In newborns, the liver is not fully developed, leading to an inability to efficiently process and excrete bilirubin. Bilirubin is a byproduct of the breakdown of red blood cells, and in newborns, the liver may not yet be able to efficiently bind bilirubin for excretion, leading to its accumulation in the blood and manifesting as jaundice. Physiologic jaundice typically occurs around 2 to 4 days after birth and usually resolves on its own without treatment as the baby's liver matures and becomes more efficient at processing bilirubin.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Meconium aspiration syndrome occurs when a newborn inhales (aspirates) a mixture of meconium (the baby's first stool) and amniotic fluid while in the uterus or during delivery. This can lead to respiratory distress and obstruction of the airways. The presence of meconium in the lungs can cause inflammation, airway obstruction, and in severe cases, can result in pneumonia or respiratory failure. Bowel obstruction with meconium (Choice C) does not directly cause meconium aspiration syndrome.