Parents of an adolescent diagnosed with a CD say, 'We don't know how to respond when our child breaks the rules in our house. Is there any treatment that might help us?' Which therapy is likely to be helpful for these parents?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT). PCIT focuses on improving parent-child relationships and teaching parents effective behavior management techniques. It helps parents develop positive communication skills and appropriate discipline strategies. This therapy is likely to be helpful for parents of an adolescent with CD as it addresses the specific challenges they are facing in managing their child's behavior. Summary: B: Behavior modification therapy focuses on changing specific behaviors through reinforcement and punishment, but may not address the underlying parent-child relationship issues. C: Multi-systemic therapy (MST) targets multiple systems involved in the adolescent's life, but may not provide the direct skills and support needed for parents in managing their child's behavior at home. D: Pharmacotherapy involves medication and is not designed to help parents develop effective parenting skills.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why answer D is correct: 1. Identifying a clinically relevant question is crucial for guiding the integration of evidence into practice. 2. This step ensures that the evidence sought aligns with the specific needs and concerns of the patient. 3. By focusing on the patient's individual situation, the therapist can tailor the evidence-based interventions effectively. 4. It sets the foundation for a patient-centered approach to care, enhancing clinical decision-making. 5. Overall, starting with a clinically relevant question is the essential first step in evidence-based practice. Summary: A: Identifying current best evidence is premature without understanding the patient's specific needs. B: Critically appraising evidence comes after identifying the question to ensure relevance. C: Discussing evidence with the patient is important but should follow after identifying the relevant question.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: The aorta and carotid arteries. Baroreceptors are sensors that detect changes in blood pressure. The highest concentration of baroreceptors is found in the aorta and carotid arteries because these are major arteries close to the heart and brain, which are crucial for maintaining blood pressure regulation. The aorta and carotid arteries constantly monitor blood pressure and send signals to the brain to help regulate it. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the carotid veins, supraclavicular arteries, and femoral arteries do not contain as high a concentration of baroreceptors as the aorta and carotid arteries, which play a significant role in blood pressure regulation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Refer the patient for assessment by a physician. Given the patient's age, smoking history, family history, and elevated blood pressure, there is a high likelihood of cardiovascular issues. As a physical therapist, it is crucial to prioritize patient safety and rule out any serious medical conditions before proceeding with any interventions. Referring the patient for immediate medical assessment allows for proper diagnosis and management of potential cardiovascular emergencies. This is the first and most important step to ensure the patient's well-being. Other choices are incorrect because: B: Assuming it is a 'white coat' effect overlooks the serious symptoms and risks associated with the patient's presentation. C: Continuing the examination with modifications may delay necessary medical intervention and put the patient at risk. D: Modifying the examination and avoiding manual therapy may not address the underlying cause of the symptoms and delay appropriate medical care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Correct Answer: C - To decrease psychotic symptoms Rationale: 1. Chlorpromazine is a typical antipsychotic used to manage psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. 2. It acts by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain, helping to alleviate hallucinations and delusions. 3. The IM STAT dose provides rapid relief, followed by the oral dose for maintenance. 4. Benztropine is an anticholinergic used to manage extrapyramidal symptoms, not chlorpromazine. 5. Chlorpromazine does not prevent neuroleptic malignant syndrome or induce sleep. Summary: A: Incorrect - Chlorpromazine does not primarily reduce extrapyramidal symptoms. B: Incorrect - Chlorpromazine does not prevent neuroleptic malignant syndrome. D: Incorrect - Chlorpromazine is not primarily used to induce sleep.