ATI RN
Questions on Gastrointestinal Tract Questions
Question 1 of 5
Parasympathetic stomach impulses cause all of the following except which one?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because parasympathetic impulses do not lead to the secretion of somatostatin. Somatostatin is released in response to low pH in the stomach to inhibit further acid secretion. Parasympathetic impulses stimulate the secretion of gastrin, promote histamine release, and inhibit somatostatin secretion. This is important for enhancing gastric acid secretion and promoting digestion. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they are effects of parasympathetic stomach impulses.
Question 2 of 5
The ileocecal valve prevents chyme from entering the _____.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: large intestine. The ileocecal valve is located between the ileum (part of the small intestine) and the cecum (part of the large intestine). Its primary function is to prevent the backflow of contents from the large intestine into the small intestine, specifically preventing chyme from entering the large intestine prematurely. This allows for proper digestion and absorption of nutrients in the small intestine before the remaining waste material enters the large intestine for further processing. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as the ileocecal valve specifically regulates the flow of material between the small and large intestines, not other parts of the digestive system such as the stomach or duodenum.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following hydrolytic enzymes act in low pH?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Proteases. Proteases are enzymes that break down proteins, and they are known to function optimally in low pH environments, such as the acidic environment of the stomach. This is because the acidic pH helps in the activation and stability of proteases, allowing them to efficiently break down proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids. Rationale for why the other choices are incorrect: A: Peroxidases catalyze oxidation reactions and are not specifically known to act in low pH environments. B: Hydrolases are a broad category of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of various molecules but are not specifically tailored for low pH conditions. C: Amylases are enzymes that break down carbohydrates and typically work best in neutral to slightly alkaline pH conditions, not in low pH environments like proteases.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client about strategies to manage gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which of the following statements should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Avoid eating 2 to 3 hours before bedtime. This is because lying down after eating can worsen GERD symptoms by allowing stomach acid to flow back up into the esophagus. By avoiding eating close to bedtime, the client can reduce the risk of acid reflux. A: Elevating the head of the bed helps reduce nighttime symptoms, but it is not the most essential strategy. B: Avoiding snacking between meals can help, but the timing of meals is more crucial for managing GERD. C: Limiting foods high in fiber is not directly related to managing GERD; it is more about avoiding trigger foods like citrus, caffeine, and fatty foods.
Question 5 of 5
You're performing an abdominal assessment on Brent who is 52 y.o. In which order do you proceed?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct order for an abdominal assessment is inspection, percussion, palpation, and auscultation (A). Inspection allows observation of any visible abnormalities. Percussion helps assess the density of underlying structures. Palpation is performed last to avoid altering bowel sounds before auscultation. Auscultation is done last to prevent altering bowel sounds while palpating. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not follow the proper sequence for an abdominal assessment, which can lead to inaccurate findings.