ATI RN
Gastrointestinal Assessment Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Parasympathetic stimulation causes endocrine cells in the stomach to release the hormone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Parasympathetic stimulation triggers the release of gastrin from endocrine cells in the stomach. Gastrin plays a key role in promoting gastric acid secretion and stimulating gastric motility. This hormone is essential for regulating digestion. Incorrect choices: B: Pepsinogen is an inactive form of pepsin, which is not released by endocrine cells in the stomach. C: Histamine is released by mast cells and enterochromaffin-like cells, not endocrine cells in the stomach. D: Secretin is released by the S cells in the duodenum in response to low pH in the small intestine, not by endocrine cells in the stomach.
Question 2 of 5
Most of the enzymes produced in the large intestine and the formation of Vitamin K occurs in
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: bacteria. Enzymes in the large intestine are primarily produced by the gut microbiota, which are bacteria residing in the colon. These bacteria play a crucial role in the breakdown of complex carbohydrates and the production of certain vitamins, including Vitamin K. Goblet cells (A) produce mucus, simple columnar cells (B) are involved in absorption, and teniae coli (C) are muscle bands in the colon - none of which are directly responsible for enzyme production or Vitamin K synthesis in the large intestine.
Question 3 of 5
Which statement about intestinal 'brakes' and 'accelerators' is FALSE?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because dietary starch does not cause insulin release from the pancreas, but rather stimulates the release of incretin hormones like glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). These incretins help regulate blood sugar levels postprandially and do not directly affect intestinal motility. Incorrect choices: B: Food in the stomach causing gastrin release is true and stimulates acid secretion. C: Short-chain fatty acids moving from colon to caecum promoting ileo-caecal motility is true. D: The arrival of lipid in the duodenum causing a reduction in motility is true.
Question 4 of 5
The three pairs of extrinsic salivary glands are:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the extrinsic salivary glands are the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. The parotid gland is located near the ear, the submandibular gland is under the mandible, and the sublingual gland is under the tongue. A is incorrect because the ethmoidal gland is not an extrinsic salivary gland. B is incorrect because the buccal gland is not an extrinsic salivary gland. C is incorrect because the buccal gland is not an extrinsic salivary gland; it is a minor salivary gland located in the cheek.
Question 5 of 5
At which relative exercise intensity would you expect to utilize the most intramuscular triglycerides?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B (65% VO2 max) because at this intensity, the body primarily uses a combination of fats and carbohydrates for energy production. Intramuscular triglycerides are a source of fat utilized during moderate-intensity exercise. At 25% VO2 max (choice A), the body predominantly uses carbohydrates, while at 85% VO2 max (choice C) and 150% VO2 max (choice D), the reliance shifts towards carbohydrates due to the higher intensity levels. Therefore, option B is the most suitable intensity for utilizing intramuscular triglycerides efficiently.