ATI RN
Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14 Questions
Question 1 of 5
Paraesthesia—tingling in the extremities—is a common consequence of acidosis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Acidosis leads to decreased blood flow to extremities, causing nerve dysfunction. 2. Nerves can become hypersensitive, leading to tingling sensations (paraesthesia). 3. Paraesthesia is a common symptom in acidosis due to nerve irritation. 4. Other choices (B, C, D) are incorrect as they do not provide valid reasoning for paraesthesia in acidosis.
Question 2 of 5
Chemical buffer systems are the most powerful mechanism available for defending against changes in [H+] because they respond the fastest.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. Chemical buffer systems are effective in defending against changes in [H+], but they are not the fastest mechanism. The fastest mechanism is the respiratory system, which can respond within minutes by adjusting the rate and depth of breathing to regulate CO2 levels and pH. The other choices (A, C, D) are marked as NA, indicating they are not applicable or do not contribute to the explanation of the correct answer.
Question 3 of 5
Slow, shallow breathing allows carbonic acid to build up in the blood, returning pH to normal.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Slow, shallow breathing leads to the retention of carbon dioxide in the blood, which combines with water to form carbonic acid. This accumulation of carbonic acid triggers the body's buffering system, helping to return the blood pH to normal levels. Therefore, slow, shallow breathing allowing carbonic acid buildup to regulate blood pH is true. The other choices (B, C, D) are incorrect as they do not provide a logical explanation for the relationship between breathing rate, carbonic acid levels, and blood pH regulation.
Question 4 of 5
During acidosis, ammonia plays a key role in allowing for continued renal H+ secretion.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: During acidosis, ammonia (NH3) can combine with H+ ions in the renal tubules to form ammonium (NH4+), which can be excreted in the urine to help buffer excess H+ ions and maintain acid-base balance. This process allows for continued renal H+ secretion, making choice A true. Choices C and D are not applicable as they do not provide any relevant information. Choice B is incorrect because ammonia does indeed play a key role in facilitating renal H+ secretion during acidosis.
Question 5 of 5
A patient who was involved in a motor vehicle crash has had a tracheostomy placed to allow for continued mechanical ventilation. How should the nurse interpret the following arterial blood gas results: pH 7.48, PaO 85 mm Hg, PaCO 32 mm Hg, and HCO 25 mEq/L? 2 2 3
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct interpretation of the arterial blood gas results is Respiratory Alkalosis. 1. pH > 7.45 indicates alkalosis. 2. PaCO2 < 35 mm Hg indicates respiratory alkalosis. 3. HCO3 within normal range (22-26 mEq/L) rules out metabolic imbalance. Therefore, the primary abnormality is a low PaCO2 causing alkalosis. Other choices are incorrect because there is no evidence of metabolic alkalosis (HCO3 normal), respiratory acidosis (PaCO2 high), or base balance (not a specific acid-base imbalance).