Panic disorder is usually associated with some psychiatric comorbidities; however, there is a high incidence of panic attacks with some medical conditions. Of the following, the medical condition that is associated with a high incidence of panic attacks is

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question from the Pediatric Nursing Test Bank, the correct answer is option A) asthma. Asthma is a medical condition associated with a high incidence of panic attacks due to the distressing nature of asthma exacerbations, which can mimic symptoms of panic attacks such as shortness of breath and chest tightness. Option B) rheumatoid arthritis, option C) common variable immune deficiency, and option D) sickle cell anemia are less likely to be associated with a high incidence of panic attacks compared to asthma. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the joints. Common variable immune deficiency is a primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by low levels of antibodies. Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder affecting red blood cells. Educationally, understanding the association between asthma and panic attacks is crucial for pediatric nurses as they care for children with asthma who may experience panic attacks during exacerbations. Recognizing the signs of panic attacks in children with asthma can lead to prompt intervention and improved outcomes. This knowledge enhances holistic care and promotes the overall well-being of pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) negative symptoms are most frequent in early childhood and later adolescence. Childhood-onset schizophrenia is a rare and severe form of the disorder. Negative symptoms, such as social withdrawal, lack of emotion, and reduced motivation, are more common in early childhood and later adolescence in children with schizophrenia. This is due to the impact of the illness on the child's developing brain and social skills. Option A is incorrect because childhood-onset schizophrenia is not indicative of a milder form of the disorder. In fact, it is often associated with more severe symptoms and a poorer prognosis compared to adult-onset schizophrenia. Option B is incorrect as research suggests that childhood-onset schizophrenia is more prevalent in boys than in girls, contrary to the statement provided. Option C is incorrect as hallucinations in childhood-onset schizophrenia are not mainly tactile misperceptions. Children with this condition commonly experience auditory hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking. Educationally, understanding the unique characteristics of childhood-onset schizophrenia is crucial for pediatric nurses to provide appropriate care and support for these vulnerable patients. Recognizing the prevalence of negative symptoms at different stages of childhood can aid in early identification and intervention, leading to improved outcomes for affected children and their families.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, understanding somatoform disorders is crucial for providing holistic care to children. The correct answer is B) asthma. Asthma is a respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, which is not classified as a somatoform disorder. A) Conversion reaction involves the manifestation of psychological distress through physical symptoms, such as paralysis or blindness, without a clear organic cause. This is a somatoform disorder. C) Hypochondriasis is a somatoform disorder where individuals have a preoccupation with having a serious illness despite medical reassurance. D) Pain disorders, such as somatic symptom disorder, involve experiencing significant pain that is not fully explained by medical conditions. These are also classified as somatoform disorders. Educationally, it is important for pediatric nurses to differentiate between various disorders to provide appropriate care and support to children and their families. Recognizing somatoform disorders helps in addressing the psychosocial aspects of health and promoting overall well-being in pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, the treatment of enuresis (bedwetting) is a crucial aspect of care. The correct answer, D) having the child launder the soiled sheets, is not an appropriate treatment for enuresis. This option is incorrect because making the child launder the soiled sheets as a form of punishment can lead to feelings of shame, guilt, and embarrassment, which are counterproductive and can worsen the condition. A) enlisting the cooperation of the child is important in the treatment of enuresis as it empowers the child and involves them in their care, leading to better outcomes. B) having the child void before retiring is a recommended practice to minimize the likelihood of bedwetting during sleep. C) using alarms is a common and effective strategy to help children wake up when they begin to wet the bed, eventually conditioning them to recognize the need to urinate and wake up to use the toilet. In an educational context, it is vital to emphasize positive and supportive approaches in the treatment of enuresis to promote the child's self-esteem and cooperation. Punitive measures, such as making the child launder sheets, can have negative psychological effects. Educating caregivers about appropriate treatment strategies and involving the child in a positive and understanding manner can lead to successful management of enuresis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, understanding suicide risk factors is crucial for providing effective care to children and adolescents. In this question, option D is correct because alcohol use is actually related to an increased risk of suicide. Alcohol can lower inhibitions and impair judgment, leading to impulsive behaviors, including suicide attempts. Option A is incorrect because research shows that a significant percentage of completed suicides are indeed preceded by previous attempts, indicating a heightened risk in individuals with past suicidal behavior. Option B is incorrect as there are typically far more suicide attempts than completed suicides, with estimates varying but generally indicating a higher rate of attempts. Option C is incorrect as access to firearms is a well-documented risk factor for completed suicide, especially in regions where gun ownership is prevalent. Easy access to lethal means, such as guns, increases the likelihood of a completed suicide due to the immediacy and irreversibility of firearm use. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing risk factors for suicide in pediatric patients. Nurses must be vigilant in assessing for suicidal ideation and behaviors, understanding the associations between certain factors like alcohol use and access to lethal means, and implementing appropriate interventions to prevent suicide in vulnerable populations. Comprehensive knowledge of these factors is essential for providing holistic care to pediatric patients at risk for suicide.