Pancreas:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Low blood glucose is a feature after removal of the pancreas. The pancreas is an important organ that produces insulin to regulate blood glucose levels. After pancreas removal, insulin production is disrupted, leading to high blood glucose. This causes symptoms of hyperglycemia, not hypoglycemia. Choice A is incorrect as the pancreas is not an endocrine gland that secretes heparin; it is actually an endocrine gland that secretes insulin and glucagon. Choice B is also incorrect as high blood glucose, not low blood glucose, is a feature after pancreatic removal. Choice D is incorrect because only choice C is accurate.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Absorption of nutrients. The large intestine's main functions are absorption of water and formation of feces. Nutrient absorption primarily occurs in the small intestine, not the large intestine. Choice A is incorrect because the large intestine absorbs water to form solid waste. Choice C is incorrect because the large intestine is responsible for storing and eliminating feces. Choice D is incorrect as the large intestine does not absorb nutrients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: Gastric juices contain hydrochloric acid, which helps in the breakdown of food and kills bacteria. Step 2: The combination of different enzymes in gastric juices works together to digest food effectively. Step 3: Therefore, the correct answer is D, as gastric juices in the stomach both kill bacteria and work together to digest food. Summary: - Choice A is incorrect because gastric juices do more than just killing bacteria. - Choice B is incorrect because gastric juices not only digest food but also kill bacteria. - Choice C is incorrect because gastric juices do more than just contain hydrochloric acid.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cullen sign. Ecchymosis around the umbilicus indicates intra-abdominal bleeding. Cullen sign specifically refers to bruising around the umbilicus, which can be a sign of retroperitoneal bleeding. Rovsing sign is rebound tenderness in appendicitis. McBurney sign is tenderness at McBurney's point in appendicitis. Grey-Turner's sign is bruising on the flanks, indicating retroperitoneal or pancreatitis-related bleeding. Cullen sign is the most appropriate choice for ecchymosis around the umbilicus.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: submucosa. The submucosa is the layer of the gastrointestinal tract that contains tough, fibrous connective tissue, providing support and elasticity. The mucosa (choice A) is the innermost layer responsible for absorption, not toughness. The muscle layer (choice C) is responsible for peristalsis and movement, not toughness. The serosa (choice D) is the outermost layer providing protection, not toughness. Therefore, choice B is the correct answer as it accurately describes the layer characterized by tough, fibrous connective tissue in the gastrointestinal tract.