ATI RN
Endocrine System Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Oxytocin and ADH are stored in the:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Oxytocin and ADH (vasopressin), synthesized in the hypothalamus, are stored and released from the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis), regulating childbirth, lactation, and water balance. Adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) produces hormones like ACTH, not storing these. Kidneys respond to ADH, not store it. Posterior pituitary's neural extension role distinguishes it, critical for hypothalamic hormone delivery, unlike glandular or target organs.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following is an endocrine-exocrine gland?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The pancreas is both endocrine (islets secrete insulin/glucagon into blood) and exocrine (acinar cells release digestive enzymes via ducts). Adrenal, pituitary, and thyroid are purely endocrine, secreting hormones (e.g., cortisol, GH, thyroxine) into blood, no ducts. Pancreas' dual role regulating glucose and aiding digestion distinguishes it, vital for metabolic and digestive integration, unlike single-function glands.
Question 3 of 5
The client's serum laboratory values indicate an elevated level of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). The nurse knows that the expected response to this increase in ACTH is the release of:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Elevated ACTH from the anterior pituitary stimulates the adrenal cortex's zona fasciculata to release glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol), regulating stress and metabolism. Mineralocorticoids (e.g., aldosterone) from zona glomerulosa respond to renin-angiotensin, not ACTH primarily. Epinephrine, from the adrenal medulla, isn't ACTH-driven sympathetic signals control it. Insulin, pancreatic, counters glucose, unrelated to ACTH. Glucocorticoids' ACTH dependency distinguishes them, key to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, unlike electrolyte, medullary, or glucose responses.
Question 4 of 5
Chemical signaling that affects neighboring cells is called
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Paracrine signaling involves chemicals, like prostaglandins, affecting nearby cells, as in inflammation. Autocrine signals target the secreting cell itself (e.g., cancer cells), endocrine signals travel via blood to distant targets, and 'neuron' isn't a signaling type neurons use neurotransmitters. Paracrine's local action distinguishes it, key for short-range cellular communication, contrasting with self-directed or systemic signaling in physiological responses.
Question 5 of 5
The secretion of thyroid hormones is controlled by
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the anterior pituitary stimulates thyroid hormone (T3/T4) release, regulated by hypothalamic TRH. TSH isn't hypothalamic, thyroxine isn't pituitary-made, and thyroglobulin is a thyroid storage protein, not a controller. TSH's pituitary origin distinguishes it, central to the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, critical for metabolic regulation.