ATI RN
Drugs Affecting Cardiovascular System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Overdoses of cocaine are usually rapidly fatal from:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because overdoses of cocaine can lead to respiratory depression, arrhythmias, and seizures simultaneously, resulting in rapid fatality. Cocaine affects the central nervous system, causing respiratory depression and seizures, while also affecting the heart's electrical activity, leading to arrhythmias. Therefore, all options A, B, and C can occur in combination during a cocaine overdose, contributing to its rapid fatality. The other choices are incorrect because they do not encompass the range of potential fatal outcomes associated with cocaine overdose.
Question 2 of 5
Tick the drug for parenteral iron therapy:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Fercoven. Parenteral iron therapy involves administering iron intravenously or intramuscularly to treat iron deficiency anemia when oral iron is not effective. Fercoven is a formulation specifically designed for parenteral administration, making it the appropriate choice. Ferrous sulfate, ferrous lactate, and ferrous fumarate are oral iron supplements and are not suitable for parenteral administration. Ferrous sulfate is commonly used orally but can cause gastrointestinal side effects, while ferrous lactate and ferrous fumarate are also oral iron salts. Therefore, Fercoven is the correct choice for parenteral iron therapy.
Question 3 of 5
This drug is useful for treating heart failure because it increases the inotropic state and reduces afterload:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Amrinone. Amrinone is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that increases inotropic state by enhancing myocardial contractility and reduces afterload by vasodilation. This dual mechanism helps improve cardiac output in heart failure. A: Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic drug, not used for inotropic support. C: Propranolol is a beta-blocker that reduces heart rate but does not directly affect inotropic state or afterload. D: Enalapril is an ACE inhibitor that helps reduce afterload but does not have direct inotropic effects.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following antianginal agents refers to reflex coronary dilators:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice B (Validol) is the correct answer: 1. Validol contains menthol, which acts as a reflex coronary dilator. 2. Menthol stimulates cold receptors in the oral cavity, leading to vasodilation. 3. Vasodilation in the coronary arteries increases blood flow to the heart. 4. This helps relieve angina symptoms by improving blood supply to the heart muscle. Summary: - A: Dipyridamole is a vasodilator but acts through adenosine receptor stimulation, not reflex coronary dilation. - C: Atenolol is a beta-blocker that reduces heart rate and contractility but does not cause reflex coronary dilation. - D: Alinidine is a central alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist, which reduces sympathetic outflow but does not directly cause reflex coronary dilation.
Question 5 of 5
Tick the drug influencing the blood flow which is related to antiplatelet agents:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Aspirin. Aspirin is an antiplatelet agent that works by inhibiting the enzyme cyclooxygenase, thereby reducing the formation of thromboxane A2 which is a potent vasoconstrictor. This action leads to improved blood flow by preventing platelet aggregation and reducing the risk of blood clots. Heparin (A) is an anticoagulant that works by inhibiting clotting factors in the blood, not specifically related to blood flow. Pyracetam (C) and Tanakan (D) are not known to influence blood flow or act as antiplatelet agents.