Overdosage of medication or anesthetic can happen even with the aid of technology like infusion pumps, sphygmomanometer and similar devices/machines. As a staff, how can you improve the safety of using infusion pumps?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Correct Answer: D Rationale: 1. Verify the flow rate against your computation: This is crucial to ensure the correct dosage is being administered and prevents overdosage. 2. Checking the functionality of the pump before use (Option A) is important, but directly verifying the flow rate is more specific and critical for safety. 3. Selecting a brand of infusion pump (Option B) is irrelevant to the actual safety procedures of using the pump. 4. Allowing the technician to set the pump (Option C) may lead to errors if the settings are not double-checked by the staff administering the medication.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct method to use in this case is C: Stratified sampling. This method divides the population into subgroups (strata) based on certain characteristics (in this case, barangays) and then samples randomly from each stratum. This ensures representation from each barangay, leading to a more accurate overall estimate. Cluster sampling (A) involves dividing the population into clusters and then randomly selecting entire clusters, which may not guarantee representation from each barangay. Random sampling (B) involves selecting individuals randomly from the entire population without considering strata, leading to potential bias. Systematic sampling (D) involves selecting every nth individual from a list, which may not ensure representation from each barangay.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Flat on back. This position is ideal after spinal anesthesia to prevent complications such as hypotension and headache. Lying flat helps maintain proper circulation and reduces the risk of blood pooling in the lower extremities. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because placing the client on the side, with knees flexed, or on the stomach can increase the risk of complications such as respiratory distress, impaired circulation, or spinal headache. It is crucial to prioritize the client's safety and well-being by following evidence-based positioning guidelines.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Clipping the hair in the area. Clipping the hair is the best option as it reduces the risk of skin irritation and infection compared to shaving or using a depilatory. Clipping allows for a more controlled and precise removal of hair without causing micro-cuts or irritating the skin. Leaving the hair intact (choice A) may interfere with the insertion of the I.V. catheter, while shaving (choice B) can lead to micro-cuts and increase the risk of infection. Using a depilatory (choice D) can also irritate the skin and is not recommended for I.V. site preparation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: A progressively deeper breaths followed by shallower breaths with apneic periods. Cheyne-Stokes respirations are characterized by a cyclical pattern of breathing where respirations gradually increase in depth and rate, then decrease to the point of apnea before starting the cycle again. This pattern is often seen in clients with neurological issues such as cerebrovascular accidents affecting the brainstem. Choice B is incorrect because Cheyne-Stokes respirations do not have abrupt pauses between each breath. Choice C is incorrect as it describes irregular breathing without the characteristic pattern of increasing and decreasing respirations. Choice D is incorrect because Cheyne-Stokes respirations are not shallow but rather have a pattern of progressively deeper breaths.