ATI RN
Gastrointestinal Test Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Out of a normal adult's 32 teeth, how many are molars?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 12. Molars are the broad, flat teeth at the back of the mouth used for grinding food. In an adult, there are 12 molars - 3 on each side of the upper and lower jaws. This totals to 12 out of 32 teeth. Therefore, the correct answer is D. A: 2 - This is incorrect as it is too low for the number of molars in an adult. B: 4 - This is incorrect as it is too low for the number of molars in an adult. C: 8 - This is incorrect as it is too low for the number of molars in an adult.
Question 2 of 5
Brunner's glands produce ______ and are found in the ______.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Brunner's glands produce mucus and are found in the duodenum. This is because mucus helps protect the duodenal lining from acidic chyme entering from the stomach. Choice A is incorrect as Brunner's glands do not produce hormones. Choice C is incorrect as enzymes are primarily produced by the pancreas and small intestine. Choice D is incorrect as Brunner's glands are not found in the ileum and do not produce mucus in that location.
Question 3 of 5
The pancreatic juice, produced by acinar cells, is secreted into the
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: duodenum. Pancreatic juice is secreted by acinar cells in the pancreas and is released into the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine. This is where pancreatic enzymes help in the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. The stomach (choice A) secretes gastric juice, not pancreatic juice. The jejunum (choice C) and ileum (choice D) are parts of the small intestine where absorption of nutrients occurs, but they are not the sites of pancreatic juice secretion.
Question 4 of 5
The lipids that can be absorbed across the epithelial wall of the small intestine are hydrophobic and would have a difficult time in the watery lumen to come in contact with the epithelial membrane. These lipids are able to move easily in the watery lumen because of interaction with
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: micelles. Micelles are formed when bile salts interact with hydrophobic lipids, such as triglycerides, in the watery lumen of the small intestine. This interaction allows the lipids to be emulsified and solubilized in the watery environment, making it easier for them to come in contact with the epithelial membrane for absorption. Lipase (B) is an enzyme that breaks down lipids but does not aid in the movement of lipids in the watery lumen. Bile salts (A) help emulsify lipids but do not facilitate the movement of lipids in the watery lumen. Chylomicrons (D) are large lipoprotein particles formed after absorption of lipids into enterocytes, not involved in the initial movement of lipids in the watery lumen.
Question 5 of 5
Intestinal motility is a complex process, orchestrated by nerves, hormones and the presence of food in the stomach. Which statement about this process is correct?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. When partially digested fat and starch enter the duodenum, it triggers the release of hormones like cholecystokinin and secretin, which slow down intestinal motility. This is important for proper digestion and absorption of nutrients. Choice A is incorrect because the migrating motor complex is responsible for clearing the stomach and small intestine of residual food and bacteria during fasting, not after a meal. Choice B is incorrect because insulin does not affect stomach emptying; rather, it regulates blood sugar levels. Choice C is incorrect because the stomach does not increase its tone at the start of a meal; instead, it relaxes to accommodate the incoming food.