Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents; it has multiple subtypes and requires different modalities of treatment including surgery and chemotherapy. Of the following, the subtype of osteosarcoma which is treated by surgery alone is

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) periosteal. Periosteal osteosarcoma is a subtype of osteosarcoma that typically presents in the surface of the bone, making it more amenable to complete surgical resection without the need for chemotherapy. This subtype has a better prognosis compared to other subtypes like fibroblastic, chondroblastic, and parosteal osteosarcoma. Fibroblastic and chondroblastic osteosarcomas are subtypes that usually require a combination of surgery and chemotherapy for optimal treatment outcomes. Parosteal osteosarcoma, while slow-growing and low-grade, may also necessitate a combination of surgical resection and chemotherapy due to its location and potential for recurrence. In an educational context, understanding the different subtypes of osteosarcoma and their varying treatment modalities is crucial for pediatric nurses caring for children and adolescents with this condition. It highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment planning, and the role of interdisciplinary collaboration in managing pediatric oncology patients effectively.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) ask the social worker or case manager to organize a care conference. This option is the most comprehensive and essential step to ensure a successful discharge and transition for the newly paralyzed patient. By organizing a care conference, all aspects of the patient's care, including home care, ancillary therapies, medication regimens, and peer support, can be discussed and coordinated among the healthcare team, patient, and family. Option B) assess the family for transportation needs is important but is not as critical as organizing a care conference. Transportation needs can be addressed after the care conference when all other essential aspects of care have been planned. Option C) call the medical supply company to ensure delivery of home care equipment is a necessary step but should be coordinated after the care conference to ensure that the equipment aligns with the overall care plan discussed during the conference. Option D) contact the patient's school to ensure its readiness to accommodate the patient is not relevant in this scenario as the patient is being discharged home and not returning to school. In an educational context, it is vital for pediatric nurses to understand the importance of comprehensive discharge planning and coordination of care for patients with complex needs. Organizing a care conference allows for a collaborative approach to address all aspects of care and support for the patient and their family during the transition to home life.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) the sleep cycle time is similar to that of adults. Explanation: Infants between 2-6 months have a different sleep cycle compared to adults. Their sleep cycles are shorter, about 50-60 minutes, as opposed to the 90-minute sleep cycles in adults. This means that infants transition between sleep stages more frequently, leading to more frequent awakenings during the night and shorter naps during the day. Understanding this difference is crucial for caregivers to provide appropriate care and respond to an infant's sleep needs effectively. Why others are wrong: A) Total sleep hours of 14-16 hr/24 hr is accurate for infants in this age range. B) Infants typically sleep about 9-10 hr at night during this period. C) Infants usually take around 2 naps per day during the 2-6 month age range. Educational context: Understanding the intricacies of infant sleep patterns is essential for pediatric nurses and caregivers to provide optimal care for infants. By knowing the typical sleep behaviors and patterns of infants at different stages of development, healthcare professionals can offer valuable guidance to parents on sleep routines, creating a safe sleep environment, and recognizing signs of sleep problems that may require further evaluation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding speech production milestones is crucial for assessing a child's development. In this question, the correct answer is C) 5 years old. At this age, children typically achieve the ability to engage in conversational turn-taking and use sentence sequences effectively. Option A) 3 years old is incorrect because by this age, children are usually starting to form simple sentences but may not have fully developed conversational skills. Option B) 4 years old is incorrect because while children at this age continue to improve their language abilities, they may still struggle with complex sentence structures and sustained conversational exchanges. Option D) 6 years old is incorrect because by this age, most children have already mastered basic conversational skills, including the use of sentence sequences. In an educational context, knowing these speech production milestones can help pediatric nurses and healthcare professionals monitor a child's development, identify potential delays or issues early on, and provide appropriate interventions or referrals to support the child's communication skills effectively. Understanding these milestones also allows nurses to educate parents about what to expect in their child's speech development and when to seek further evaluation if necessary.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of older school-age children participating in competitive sports, a careful evaluation of the cardiovascular system is crucial. This is the correct answer (Option D) because engaging in strenuous physical activities like competitive sports puts a significant demand on the cardiovascular system. An evaluation can help identify any underlying cardiac issues that may pose a risk during intense physical exertion, such as arrhythmias or structural abnormalities. Option A, vision, while important for overall performance in sports, is not specifically tied to the increased cardiovascular demands of competitive sports. Similarly, Option B, hearing, is not directly related to the physiological challenges that the cardiovascular system faces during intense physical activities. Option C, sexual maturity, is not directly relevant to the immediate concerns related to participating in competitive sports. While sexual maturity can impact physical development and growth, it does not have a direct impact on the cardiovascular system's ability to meet the demands of competitive sports. In an educational context, understanding the importance of evaluating the cardiovascular system in older school-age children before they engage in competitive sports is vital for ensuring their safety and well-being. Educators and healthcare providers should emphasize the significance of pre-participation physical examinations that include a thorough evaluation of the cardiovascular system to prevent any potential cardiac-related incidents during sports participation. By highlighting this aspect, educators can help promote a culture of safety and risk prevention in youth sports.