ATI RN
Wongs Essentials of Pediatric Nursing 11th Edition Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents; it has multiple subtypes and requires different modalities of treatment including surgery and chemotherapy. Of the following, the subtype of osteosarcoma which is treated by surgery alone is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Periosteal osteosarcoma is often treated with surgery alone if margins are clear.
Question 2 of 5
A patient admitted with gastrointestinal tract bleeding has a hemoglobin level of 6 g/dL. She asks the nurse why she feels SOB. Which response is best?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The best response is option B, "You do not have enough hemoglobin to carry oxygen to your tissues." Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues throughout the body. With a low hemoglobin level of 6 g/dL due to gastrointestinal tract bleeding, there is a reduced capacity to carry oxygen to the body's tissues. This decreased oxygen-carrying capacity leads to symptoms of shortness of breath (SOB) because the body's cells are not receiving an adequate supply of oxygen. It is important to provide a clear and accurate explanation to the patient about the relationship between hemoglobin, oxygen transport, and symptoms of anemia like shortness of breath.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse explains to a child's parents that the role of methotrexate (Rheumatrex®) in treating children with juvenile arthritis is to:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Methotrexate, which is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD), is commonly used to treat juvenile arthritis by decreasing the inflammatory response in the joints. By suppressing the overactive immune response that causes inflammation in the joints, methotrexate helps reduce pain, swelling, and stiffness in children with juvenile arthritis. This ultimately helps to improve joint function and prevent joint damage. While methotrexate may indirectly contribute to improving functional ability and controlling febrile responses in some cases, its primary mechanism of action is to target and reduce inflammation in juvenile arthritis. The medication may also help in managing associated conditions like uveitis, but its main role lies in decreasing the inflammatory response in arthritis.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is admitting a school-age child in acute renal failure with reduced glomerular filtration rate. Which urine test is the most useful clinical indication of glomerular filtration rate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Creatinine is a waste product produced by muscle metabolism that is normally filtered by the glomerulus in the kidneys and excreted in urine. The level of creatinine in the urine is a direct reflection of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). As GFR decreases in conditions such as acute renal failure, the amount of creatinine excreted in the urine also decreases. Therefore, measuring creatinine levels in the urine is a useful clinical indication of the glomerular filtration rate and kidney function. pH, osmolality, and protein level may provide additional information but are not as directly linked to GFR as creatinine levels.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse should teach parents that which age is safe to give infants whole milk instead of commercial infant formula?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends introducing whole milk to infants at around 12 months of age. This is because before the age of one, babies need the nutrients and fat found in breast milk, infant formula, or fortified toddler milk. Whole milk is a good source of fat and vitamin D for babies over 12 months old, but it is not recommended for younger infants as it does not have the appropriate balance of nutrients they need for healthy development. Introducing whole milk too early may also increase the risk of certain health issues such as iron deficiency anemia.