ATI RN
Nutrition and Fluid Balance Chapter 14 Questions
Question 1 of 5
Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus are located in close proximity to the cells in the hypothalamus that produce vasopressin.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A (TRUE). Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus are located near the cells that produce vasopressin to regulate water balance. This proximity allows for efficient communication and coordination between osmoreceptor activity and vasopressin secretion. Osmoreceptors sense changes in blood osmolality and signal the release of vasopressin to help maintain water balance in the body. The close proximity between these structures enhances the rapid response to osmotic changes. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not provide a logical explanation for the relationship between osmoreceptors and vasopressin production in the hypothalamus.
Question 2 of 5
Chemical buffers work by removing excess H+ from the body.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. Chemical buffers do not remove excess H+ from the body; instead, they help maintain the pH balance by either accepting or releasing H+ ions to prevent drastic changes in pH. Buffers act as reservoirs for H+ ions, helping to minimize pH fluctuations. The incorrect choices (A, C, D) are invalid because buffers do not actively remove H+ ions but rather help regulate their concentration.
Question 3 of 5
Chemical buffer systems are the most powerful mechanism available for defending against changes in [H+] because they respond the fastest.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. Chemical buffer systems are effective in defending against changes in [H+], but they are not the fastest mechanism. The fastest mechanism is the respiratory system, which can respond within minutes by adjusting the rate and depth of breathing to regulate CO2 levels and pH. The other choices (A, C, D) are marked as NA, indicating they are not applicable or do not contribute to the explanation of the correct answer.
Question 4 of 5
Slow, shallow breathing allows carbonic acid to build up in the blood, returning pH to normal.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Slow, shallow breathing leads to the retention of carbon dioxide in the blood, which combines with water to form carbonic acid. This accumulation of carbonic acid triggers the body's buffering system, helping to return the blood pH to normal levels. Therefore, slow, shallow breathing allowing carbonic acid buildup to regulate blood pH is true. The other choices (B, C, D) are incorrect as they do not provide a logical explanation for the relationship between breathing rate, carbonic acid levels, and blood pH regulation.
Question 5 of 5
During acidosis, ammonia plays a key role in allowing for continued renal H+ secretion.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: During acidosis, ammonia (NH3) can combine with H+ ions in the renal tubules to form ammonium (NH4+), which can be excreted in the urine to help buffer excess H+ ions and maintain acid-base balance. This process allows for continued renal H+ secretion, making choice A true. Choices C and D are not applicable as they do not provide any relevant information. Choice B is incorrect because ammonia does indeed play a key role in facilitating renal H+ secretion during acidosis.