Organizations are made up of intertwined links and diversified choices that generate unanticipated consequences. This defines which of the following theories?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Chaos theory. Chaos theory explains how complex systems, like organizations, can exhibit unpredictable behavior due to small changes in initial conditions. In this context, the interconnectedness and diverse choices within organizations result in unanticipated consequences. Contingency theory (A) focuses on adapting to environmental factors, closed system theory (B) suggests organizations are isolated from the environment, and open system theory (C) emphasizes interactions with the external environment, but none directly address the unpredictable consequences arising from intertwined links and diverse choices within organizations like Chaos theory does.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because complaining about a nurse preceptor on social media and discussing their unprofessional characteristics can be considered libel. Libel involves making false and damaging statements about someone that are published and seen by others. This action could harm the preceptor's reputation and potentially lead to legal consequences. Choice A is incorrect because snapping a selfie with a patient, if done with the patient's consent and in compliance with privacy laws, does not necessarily constitute libel. Choice B is incorrect because posting a positive review of a hospital is not libelous as long as it is truthful and does not harm anyone's reputation. Choice C is incorrect because creating a closed online forum for students to discuss clinical experiences without providing client information is a professional and ethical practice that respects privacy and confidentiality.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Power-coercive. State boards of nursing have the authority to enforce regulations and standards through legal power, making them a power-coercive change agent. They can mandate compliance and impose consequences for non-compliance, utilizing their regulatory power to drive change. A: Resistance is incorrect as state boards of nursing do not resist change but rather implement and enforce it. B: Empirical-rational is incorrect as this approach involves presenting data and information to persuade individuals to change, which may not align with the state boards' regulatory enforcement. C: Normative-reeducative is incorrect as it focuses on changing beliefs and values through education and social influence, which is not the primary method used by state boards of nursing for implementing change.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Bioterrorism. This is because bioterrorism poses a serious threat to public health and healthcare systems worldwide, requiring preparedness and response strategies. - A: Decreased immigration is not a significant emerging challenge to changes in healthcare. - B: Nursing staff shortages are an ongoing issue but not necessarily a new emerging challenge. - D: Increased surgical procedures may strain resources but are not a specific emerging challenge like bioterrorism.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To identify best practices and implement them. Benchmarking in healthcare involves comparing practices, processes, and outcomes with top-performing organizations to identify best practices and improve performance. By analyzing successful strategies and implementing them, healthcare organizations can enhance their quality of care and efficiency. Choice A is incorrect as benchmarking focuses on learning from others rather than just comparing metrics. Choice C is incorrect as compliance is not the primary purpose of benchmarking. Choice D is incorrect as developing new clinical guidelines is a separate process from benchmarking.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Correct Answer: B - Intrinsic values are basic needs for sustaining life. Rationale: 1. Intrinsic values refer to inherent qualities that are fundamental and essential. 2. Basic needs for sustaining life, such as food, water, shelter, and safety, are considered intrinsic values. 3. These needs are universal and essential for human survival. 4. Choices A, C, and D describe different aspects of values but do not capture the core concept of intrinsic values as essential for survival.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Strong emphasis on interdisciplinary teamwork. Magnet-designated hospitals are recognized for their commitment to nursing excellence and quality patient care. Interdisciplinary teamwork is crucial for enhancing patient outcomes and promoting a holistic approach to healthcare. Collaboration among healthcare professionals ensures comprehensive patient care. Other choices are incorrect because high nurse turnover rates, limited professional development opportunities, and a focus on advanced technology do not necessarily define a Magnet-designated hospital.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Correct answer: A. Determine what type of activities the patient enjoys. Rationale: 1. By determining the patient's preferred activities, the nurse can tailor an exercise plan that is more likely to be enjoyable and sustainable for the patient. 2. Enjoyable activities increase motivation and adherence to exercise regimen, leading to better outcomes for the patient. 3. Personalized approach considers the patient's interests and abilities, promoting a positive experience with exercise. Summary: B: Reminding the patient about self-esteem doesn't address individual preferences for exercise. C: Teaching about glucose levels is important but not as crucial as personalizing the exercise plan. D: Providing a list of activities may not consider the patient's preferences and may not lead to sustained engagement.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Assess the patient’s perception of what it means to have diabetes mellitus. This is the first step because understanding the patient's perception allows the nurse to tailor education to address any misconceptions or concerns. It helps establish a baseline of the patient's knowledge and beliefs about diabetes, enabling the nurse to provide accurate and relevant information. Option A is incorrect as involving the family should come after assessing the patient's individual understanding and needs. Option C is incorrect as demonstrating blood glucose monitoring should follow assessing the patient's perception to ensure relevance. Option D is incorrect as discussing active participation should also come after assessing the patient's perception to ensure the information is personalized and effective.