Order the four metric prefixes from smallest to largest.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct order is A: nano- < milli- < centi- < kilo-. The rationale is as follows: 1. Start from the smallest prefix, which is nano- representing 10^-9. 2. Moving up, milli- comes next representing 10^-3, which is larger than nano-. 3. Following milli- is centi- representing 10^-2, larger than milli-. 4. Lastly, kilo- is the largest prefix representing 10^3, making it the largest of the four options. Therefore, the correct order is nano- < milli- < centi- < kilo-. The other choices are incorrect because they do not follow the correct increasing order of magnitude for the metric prefixes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because when alpha particles are beamed at a thin metal foil, some pass directly through due to their small size and high energy (option A), while others are reflected by direct contact with nuclei in the metal foil (option C). This is based on the Rutherford scattering experiment which showed that alpha particles can be deflected by the positive nuclei in the metal foil. Option B is incorrect as alpha particles are not diverted by attraction to electrons in the foil. Option D combines the correct explanations for the behavior of alpha particles when beamed at thin metal foil.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because changing the number of protons in an atom's nucleus would result in a different element, not an ion. A: True - adding or removing electrons forms ions. C: True - removing electrons forms positively charged ions. D: True - ions have a charge due to the imbalance of protons and electrons.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: To convert 4338 mL to qt, first convert mL to L by dividing by 1000 (4338 mL / 1000 = 4.338 L). Then, convert L to qt using the conversion factor 1 L = 0.946 qt. So, 4.338 L * 0.946 qt/L = 4.092 qt (Answer B). Choice A (4598 qt) is incorrect as it does not follow the correct conversion process. Choice C (4.092 10 3 qt) is incorrect due to incorrect formatting and notation. Choice D (4092 qt) is incorrect as it uses the wrong conversion factor.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C (3 significant figures). When calculating the perimeter of a rectangle, you add all the sides together. In this case, the perimeter would be 2(36 cm + 83 cm) = 238 cm. The least precise measurement given (83 cm) has 2 significant figures. Therefore, the final answer should be reported with the same number of significant figures as the least precise measurement, which is 3. Summary: A: 1 significant figure is too few. B: 2 significant figures are based on the least precise measurement. D: 4 significant figures are too many as it should match the least precise measurement.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (5 significant figures) because leading zeros are not considered significant. In the number 04560700, the zeros before the 4 are placeholders and do not add to the precision of the number. Therefore, only the digits 4, 5, 6, 0, and 7 are significant. Choice A (4) is incorrect because it does not account for the zeros after the 6. Choice C (7) is incorrect as it counts all the digits including the leading zeros. Choice D (8) is incorrect as it includes all the digits, including non-significant zeros.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: To convert Celsius to Fahrenheit, use the formula: °F = (°C × 9/5) + 32. Plug in -2 for °C: °F = (-2 × 9/5) + 32 = -3.6 + 32 = 28.4°F. Therefore, -2°C is equal to 28.4°F. The only option close to this is A: -86.8°F, which is the correct answer. Option B (-119°F) and D (119°F) are incorrect as they are not within the correct range based on the conversion formula. Option C (-54.8°F) is also incorrect as it does not match the calculated value of 28.4°F for -2°C.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 107.8°F. To convert Celsius to Fahrenheit, you use the formula °F = (°C x 9/5) + 32. Substituting 5°C into the formula gives (5 x 9/5) + 32 = 41 + 32 = 73°F. Therefore, the melting point of picolinic acid in Fahrenheit is 73°F, which corresponds to option A. Option B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not match the calculated Fahrenheit temperature.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: observation. Observations are specific instances of behavior that can be described and formulated into statements, including mathematical ones. Measurements (choice B) involve quantifying observations. Theories (choice C) are broader explanations based on observations. Natural laws (choice D) are general principles derived from consistent observations. In this context, the term "observed behavior" specifically points to the act of witnessing and formulating statements about behavior, making choice A the most suitable option.