ATI RN
Pediatric Infectious Disease NCLEX Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Oral rehydration is the treatment of choice for all children with gastroenteritis EXCEPT those with
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ileus and coma indicate severe illness requiring IV rehydration, not oral.
Question 2 of 5
Because cerebral malaria can be fatal in as little as 24 hours, in any child having suggestive symptoms and/or history of recent tropical travel, what confirmatory procedure should immediately be invoked?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Blood smears provide rapid diagnosis of malaria, critical for timely treatment.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following diagnostic tests is LEAST useful in establishing a diagnosis of mesenteric adenitis due to Yersinia pseudotuberculosis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Endoscopy is less specific for diagnosing Yersinia mesenteric adenitis compared to cultures or imaging.
Question 4 of 5
The 12-year-old son of diplomat parents presents with crampy abdominal pain, fever, migratory arthralgias, and hepatosplenomegaly. During the past 5 years, his family has lived in the Philippines, Kampuchea, Senegal, and Mali. Ultrasound examination of his abdomen shows periportal fibrosis consistent with schistosomiasis. His kidneys and bladder are normal. Which of the following schistosome species is UNLIKELY to be the cause of his illness?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: S. haematobium primarily affects the urinary tract, not causing periportal fibrosis seen with S. mansoni or S. japonicum.
Question 5 of 5
Pyelonephritis is a frequent cause of fever in young infants. All of the following infants have an increased risk of urinary tract infections EXCEPT
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Mediterranean ancestry is not a recognized risk factor for UTIs.