Oral corticosteroid (e.g. prednisolone) therapy is indicated in all the following EXCEPT:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In endocrine pharmacology, understanding the appropriate indications for oral corticosteroid therapy is crucial for effective patient management. In this context, the correct answer is C) Viral meningitis. Viral meningitis is typically a self-limiting condition that does not require treatment with corticosteroids. In fact, corticosteroids are not recommended for viral infections of the central nervous system due to the potential for exacerbating viral replication and prolonging viral shedding. Regarding the other options: A) Fibrosing alveolitis: Corticosteroids are commonly used in the treatment of fibrosing alveolitis to reduce inflammation and fibrosis in the lungs. B) Temporal arteritis: Corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment for temporal arteritis to prevent complications such as vision loss. D) Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: Corticosteroids are often used in the management of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura to increase platelet counts by suppressing immune-mediated destruction of platelets. Educationally, it is essential for healthcare providers to have a clear understanding of when to use corticosteroids to optimize patient outcomes and minimize potential risks associated with their use. By knowing the specific indications and contraindications, clinicians can make informed decisions based on evidence-based practice guidelines.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this Endocrine Pharmacology Quizlet question, the correct answer is C) Liothyronine because it does not possess a steroidal nucleus. Liothyronine is a synthetic form of triiodothyronine, a thyroid hormone, which is non-steroidal in nature. A) Ethinyl estradiol and B) Nonethindrone are both synthetic hormones used in contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy, respectively, and they possess a steroidal nucleus. D) Prednisolone is a synthetic corticosteroid used for its anti-inflammatory properties, and it also contains a steroidal nucleus. Educationally, understanding the chemical structures of hormonal drugs is crucial in pharmacology as it impacts their mechanism of action, metabolism, and potential side effects. Recognizing the differences between steroidal and non-steroidal drugs can aid in clinical decision-making and prescription practices, ensuring optimal patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is B) Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) because it is not an endogenous tropic hormone secreted by the pituitary gland. HCG is produced by the placenta during pregnancy and is not normally secreted by the pituitary gland. A) Somatotropin (also known as growth hormone), C) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and D) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) are all endogenous tropic hormones secreted by the pituitary gland. Educationally, understanding the differences between various hormones is crucial in endocrine pharmacology. Pituitary hormones play a significant role in regulating various physiological processes in the body. Recognizing which hormones are secreted by the pituitary gland and their functions is essential for healthcare professionals in diagnosing and treating endocrine disorders. This knowledge also helps in understanding the impact of pharmacological interventions on hormone levels and their associated physiological effects.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In endocrine pharmacology, understanding the administration routes of different types of insulins is crucial for safe and effective patient care. The correct answer to the question of which insulin can be administered intravenously is A) Regular insulin. Regular insulin is a short-acting, fast-onset insulin that can be given intravenously for rapid effect in emergency situations such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or severe hyperglycemia. When administered intravenously, regular insulin has a quick onset of action, making it the preferred choice in critical situations where immediate blood glucose lowering is necessary. Regarding the other options: - B) Isophane insulin (NPH) is an intermediate-acting insulin and is not recommended for intravenous administration due to its slower onset and longer duration of action. - C) Protamine zinc insulin (PZI) is a long-acting insulin and is not suitable for intravenous use as it is designed for subcutaneous administration to provide a prolonged effect. - D) Semilente insulin is an intermediate-acting insulin and is not intended for intravenous administration because of its slower onset and longer duration compared to regular insulin. Educationally, understanding the specific characteristics of each type of insulin and their appropriate routes of administration is essential for healthcare professionals to ensure patient safety and optimal treatment outcomes. Knowing when to use regular insulin intravenously versus subcutaneously can be life-saving in critical care scenarios. This knowledge helps healthcare providers make informed decisions in managing patients with diabetes and related endocrine disorders.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct formula for calculating the free thyroxine index (FTI) is A) T4 × RT3U / mean serum RT3U. This formula is derived from the fact that FTI is a calculation used to estimate the concentration of free thyroxine in the blood, taking into account the levels of thyroxine (T4) and resin T3 uptake (RT3U). Option B) T3 × T3 / mean serum RT3U is incorrect because it involves T3 instead of T4, which is the correct hormone to use in the FTI calculation. Option C) T3 × RT3U / mean serum RT3U is incorrect for the same reason, as it uses T3 instead of T4. Option D) T4 × RT3U × mean serum RT3U is incorrect because it includes an additional multiplication of mean serum RT3U, which is not part of the standard FTI calculation. Educationally, understanding how to calculate the FTI is important in endocrine pharmacology as it helps assess thyroid function and diagnose conditions such as hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Knowing the correct formula ensures accurate interpretation of thyroid function tests and appropriate clinical management based on the results.