Oral contraceptive use increases the risk of occurrence of the following diseases except:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Endometrial carcinoma. Oral contraceptives actually decrease the risk of developing endometrial cancer by regulating hormone levels. A: Hypertension can be a side effect of oral contraceptives due to changes in blood pressure. B: Leg vein thrombosis risk increases due to estrogen in oral contraceptives causing blood clotting. D: Gall stones risk can increase with oral contraceptives due to changes in bile composition.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Combined estrogen + progestin oral pill. This form of hormonal contraception is the most popular because it is highly effective in preventing pregnancy by inhibiting ovulation, thickening cervical mucus, and altering the endometrium. It is easy to use, reversible, and offers additional non-contraceptive benefits like reducing menstrual cramps and acne. Phased estrogen + progestin oral pill (B) and postcoital estrogen + progestin pill (C) are not commonly used methods. Depot progestin injection (D) is effective but less popular due to the need for healthcare provider administration and potential side effects like irregular bleeding.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: First term abortion. Mifepristone is primarily indicated for medical abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy. It works by blocking the hormone progesterone, leading to the detachment of the embryo from the uterine wall. Endometriosis (A) is not a primary indication for mifepristone. Cushing's syndrome (B) is typically treated with medications that lower cortisol levels, not mifepristone. Second term abortion (D) is usually performed through other methods like dilation and curettage, not with mifepristone.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Progestins are used alone for this indication to help regulate the menstrual cycle without the need for estrogen. In dysfunctional uterine bleeding, the endometrium sheds irregularly due to hormonal imbalances. Progestins can help stabilize the endometrium and control bleeding. A: Threatened abortion - Progestins are not typically used alone for this indication as estrogen may also be needed to support the pregnancy. C: Hormone replacement therapy - Progestins are usually combined with estrogen in hormone replacement therapy to protect the uterine lining. D: Premenstrual tension - Progestins alone are not commonly used for this condition, as estrogen may also play a role in managing premenstrual symptoms.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Carcinoma breast. Tamoxifen citrate is primarily indicated for the treatment of breast cancer. It is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that helps block the effects of estrogen on breast tissue. This is effective in hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer, helping to reduce the risk of recurrence and improve survival rates. A: Female infertility - Tamoxifen is not indicated for female infertility and can actually cause birth defects. B: Endometrial carcinoma - Tamoxifen use is associated with an increased risk of developing endometrial carcinoma. D: Endometriosis - Tamoxifen is not indicated for the treatment of endometriosis and may worsen the condition. Therefore, the correct answer is C as it aligns with the established use of tamoxifen citrate in the treatment of breast cancer.