One of the well-known medications that can cause dilated cardiomyopathy

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the potential adverse effects of medications is crucial to providing safe and effective care to young patients. The correct answer to this question is B) Doxorubicin. Doxorubicin is a well-known medication that can cause dilated cardiomyopathy, a condition characterized by the enlargement and weakening of the heart muscle. This adverse effect is particularly important to recognize in pediatric patients, as it can have serious implications for their cardiac function and overall health. IVIG (A), Cyclosporine (C), and Methotrexate (D) are not typically associated with causing dilated cardiomyopathy. IVIG is often used to boost the immune system in certain conditions, Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant commonly used in transplant patients, and Methotrexate is a chemotherapy drug often used in pediatric oncology. While these medications may have their own potential side effects, dilated cardiomyopathy is not a known risk associated with them. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of medication knowledge and vigilance in pediatric nursing practice. Nurses must be aware of potential adverse effects of medications commonly used in pediatric populations to monitor for signs and symptoms of complications. Understanding the implications of medications like Doxorubicin can help nurses intervene early and prevent serious cardiac issues in their young patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Wilson's disease is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by impaired hepatic copper transport, leading to copper accumulation in various organs. The correct answer is C) Urinary copper is high. This is because in Wilson's disease, there is impaired excretion of copper into bile, resulting in high levels of copper in the body, including the urine. Option A) Serum ceruloplasmin is high is incorrect because in Wilson's disease, there is decreased ceruloplasmin levels due to impaired synthesis by the liver. Option B) Autosomal dominant disorder is incorrect as Wilson's disease follows an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance, requiring two copies of the defective gene for the disease to manifest. Option D) Hepatic dysfunction is usually mild is incorrect because Wilson's disease can lead to severe hepatic dysfunction, including hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver failure if left untreated. From an educational perspective, understanding the pathophysiology of Wilson's disease is crucial for pediatric nurses to recognize and manage this condition in pediatric patients. By knowing the key clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings associated with Wilson's disease, nurses can provide comprehensive care, educate patients and families about the importance of compliance with treatment, and facilitate timely interventions to prevent complications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Ventricular septal defect. In pediatric nursing, understanding common congenital heart diseases is crucial. A ventricular septal defect is the most common acyanotic heart defect in children. This defect involves an opening in the septum between the two ventricles, allowing blood to flow from the left ventricle to the right ventricle, leading to increased pulmonary blood flow and potential heart failure over time. Coarctation of the aorta (A) is a narrowing of the aorta, which can lead to high blood pressure and other complications, but it is not the most common acyanotic heart defect. Atrial septal defect (B) involves a hole in the atrial septum, leading to abnormal blood flow between the atria. Pulmonary valve stenosis (D) is a narrowing of the pulmonary valve, causing obstruction to blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery. Educationally, knowing the prevalence and characteristics of different congenital heart diseases helps nurses in early identification, appropriate intervention, and ongoing management of pediatric patients with these conditions. Understanding the pathophysiology of each defect is essential for providing safe and effective care to children with congenital heart diseases.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), the correct statement is A) Squatting is a common clinical presentation. This is because squatting helps decrease the systemic vascular resistance, which can improve blood flow to the lungs in TOF patients, relieving cyanosis. This physiological response is known as the squatting maneuver and is a characteristic finding in TOF. Option B) Hypercyanotic spells in TOF are managed by increasing systemic vascular resistance, typically with methods like knee-chest position or administration of oxygen, not IV digoxin. IV digoxin is not recommended in this scenario. Option C) Brain abscess is not a common neurological complication in TOF. Complications like hypoxic brain injury or developmental delays due to chronic hypoxemia are more likely. Option D) The typical murmur heard in TOF is a systolic ejection murmur, not a pansystolic murmur. Understanding the characteristic findings in TOF is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients with this congenital heart defect. Recognizing these clinical presentations and appropriate interventions are essential for providing safe and effective care to these children.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Wilson's disease is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the accumulation of copper in the liver, brain, and other tissues. The correct answer is C) Low ceruloplasmin in serum. Ceruloplasmin is a protein responsible for transporting copper in the blood, and in Wilson's disease, there is a decrease in ceruloplasmin levels due to impaired copper excretion, leading to copper buildup. Option A) Brushfield spots are not associated with Wilson's disease but are seen in individuals with Down syndrome. Option B) Autosomal dominant disorder is incorrect as Wilson's disease follows an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. Option D) High ceruloplasmin in serum is also incorrect as the hallmark of Wilson's disease is low ceruloplasmin levels. In an educational context, understanding the key clinical manifestations and diagnostic markers of Wilson's disease is crucial for pediatric nurses to provide safe and effective care to pediatric patients. By knowing that low ceruloplasmin levels are indicative of Wilson's disease, nurses can collaborate with healthcare providers to ensure timely diagnosis and management of this potentially life-threatening condition.