One of the two main subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system, having cell bodies of preganglionic neurons in nuclei in the brainstem and in the lateral gray horn of the sacral portion of the spinal cord.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The parasympathetic nervous system (craniosacral) conserves energy, with preganglionic neurons in the brainstem and sacral cord. Agonist is a drug term, divergence is a synapse pattern, and sensory neurons are afferent.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Jerking away from a hot stove is a spinal reflex (e.g., withdrawal reflex), mediated by sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons in the spinal cord, bypassing higher brain centers for speed.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The autonomic nervous system mediates fight-or-flight (sympathetic) and rest-and-digest (parasympathetic) responses, regulating involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A motor neuron stimulating the hamstring is a peripheral neuron (lower motor neuron in the PNS), directly innervating muscles. Central neurons are CNS, basal nuclei are brain structures, and interneurons connect neurons.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The enteric nervous system (PNS) autonomously controls stomach and intestine function. CNS integrates, cranial nerves serve head, and somatic neurons control skeletal muscles.