ATI RN
Multiple Choice Questions on Endocrine System Questions
Question 1 of 5
One of the two hormones made by the pituitary that help regulate reproductive cells is luteinizing hormone. The other hormone is .
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). FSH is the other hormone made by the pituitary gland that helps regulate reproductive cells, along with luteinizing hormone (LH). FSH is responsible for stimulating the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles in females and spermatogenesis in males. Explanation: 1. FSH is directly involved in the reproductive process by stimulating follicle development and sperm production. 2. Epinephrine and norepinephrine are not hormones produced by the pituitary gland and are involved in the stress response. 3. Androgens are male sex hormones produced primarily by the testes, not the pituitary gland. In summary, FSH is the correct answer as it plays a crucial role in regulating reproductive cells, while the other choices are not involved in the reproductive system or are not produced by the pituitary gland.
Question 2 of 5
Saliva contains the enzyme salivary amylase. Which food type does salivary amylase begin to break down?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Salivary amylase breaks down starches into simple sugars like maltose. Starch is a complex carbohydrate found in foods like bread, pasta, and rice. When you chew food, salivary amylase in saliva starts the digestion process by breaking down starch molecules. Proteins are broken down by stomach enzymes, roughage (fiber) is not digested by enzymes in the mouth, and fats are primarily digested in the small intestine by pancreatic lipase. Therefore, choice B, starches, is the correct answer as salivary amylase specifically targets this food type for initial breakdown.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following statements correctly describe the peritoneum?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the peritoneum is indeed the largest serous membrane in the body. It lines the abdominal cavity and covers the organs within it, providing lubrication and reducing friction. Choice B is incorrect because the peritoneum is a serous membrane, not a synovial membrane (Choice C) or a mucous membrane (Choice D). The peritoneum does not secrete synovial fluid like synovial membranes or produce mucus like mucous membranes. Hence, Choice A is the only statement that accurately describes the peritoneum.
Question 4 of 5
The female patient is admitted with a new diagnosis of Cushing syndrome with elevated serum and urine cortisol levels. Which assessment findings should the nurse expect to see in this patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In this scenario, option D, "Elevated blood pressure and blood glucose," is the correct answer. In Cushing syndrome, there is excess production of cortisol, leading to symptoms such as hypertension (elevated blood pressure) and hyperglycemia (elevated blood glucose levels). Option A, "Hair loss and moon face," is not indicative of Cushing syndrome. Hair loss can occur in some endocrine disorders but is not a typical finding in Cushing syndrome. Moon face, or a rounded face with prominent cheeks, is a classic sign of Cushing syndrome, but it is not the only or most prominent symptom. Option B, "Decreased weight and hirsutism," is not characteristic of Cushing syndrome. Patients with Cushing syndrome often experience weight gain, especially in the abdominal area, due to cortisol's role in metabolism. Hirsutism, or excessive hair growth, can occur in conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome but is not a primary feature of Cushing syndrome. Option C, "Decreased muscle mass and thick skin," is also not typical of Cushing syndrome. In fact, patients with Cushing syndrome may experience muscle weakness and wasting due to the catabolic effects of excess cortisol. Thickened skin is not a common manifestation of this condition. From an educational perspective, understanding the characteristic signs and symptoms of endocrine disorders like Cushing syndrome is crucial for nurses to provide effective care. Recognizing the key clinical manifestations helps in timely diagnosis, intervention, and management of the condition, ultimately improving patient outcomes. It is essential for nurses to be familiar with the various presentations of endocrine disorders to provide comprehensive and holistic care to their patients.
Question 5 of 5
A patient with diabetes is learning to mix regular insulin and NPH insulin in the same syringe. The nurse determines that additional teaching is needed when the patient does what?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option A: Withdraws the NPH dose into the syringe first. This action is incorrect because when mixing regular insulin and NPH insulin in the same syringe, it is essential to withdraw the clear (regular) insulin first before withdrawing the cloudy (NPH) insulin. This sequence is crucial to prevent the cloudy insulin from contaminating the clear insulin vial with its suspension particles. Option B is incorrect as injecting air into the NPH vial first can lead to air bubbles or contamination in the vial. Option C is incorrect because removing air bubbles after withdrawing the first insulin is a standard practice in insulin administration. Option D is incorrect because adding air into the regular vial and withdrawing the dose is the correct procedure for withdrawing the regular insulin after the NPH insulin. Educationally, it is vital for patients with diabetes to understand the proper technique for mixing insulins to ensure correct dosing and efficacy of treatment. Understanding the sequence of withdrawing insulins from vials and the importance of preventing contamination is essential for safe and effective self-administration of insulin therapy. Proper education and demonstration of insulin mixing techniques can empower patients to manage their diabetes effectively and prevent complications.