One of the principal pathologic features in fatal anaphylaxis is

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Acute bronchial obstruction due to airway swelling and constriction is a major cause of death in anaphylaxis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Choanal atresia is a congenital nasal obstruction that causes cyanosis that worsens with feeding and improves with crying, since crying opens the mouth for breathing. Bilateral atresia requires urgent intervention.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: An above-normal anti-deoxyribonucleic acid (anti-dsDNA) test result confirms systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Anti-dsDNA antibodies are highly specific for SLE and are found in about 70% of individuals with the condition. These antibodies target the genetic material within the cell nucleus and are strongly associated with lupus nephritis, a severe complication of SLE. Therefore, an elevated anti-dsDNA test result would be a key indicator of SLE diagnosis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are commonly used to manage hypertension and heart failure by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. In clients with renal or hepatic impairment, as well as in older adults, the metabolism and excretion of ACE inhibitors may be altered, leading to an increased risk of drug accumulation and potential hypotension. Monitoring these clients cautiously for a sudden drop in blood pressure, especially during the first 1-3 hours after the initial dose, is crucial to prevent complications such as dizziness, lightheadedness, and falls. Adjustments in dosage or frequency may be necessary to ensure the safe and effective use of ACE inhibitors in these populations.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Sleep-onset association disorder involves reliance on specific conditions to fall asleep.