One of the patients is manifesting signs and symptoms of alcohol withdrawal such as: tremors, diaphoresis, and hyperactivity. Blood pressure is 190/92 mm.Hg and pulse rate of 92 beats/min. Which of the following medications should you expect to be ordered for these patients?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The patient is exhibiting signs and symptoms of alcohol withdrawal, such as tremors, diaphoresis, hyperactivity, elevated blood pressure, and tachycardia. Lorazepam, which is a benzodiazepine, is commonly used to manage alcohol withdrawal symptoms. It helps alleviate symptoms such as anxiety, agitation, tremors, and seizures by acting on the same brain receptors affected by alcohol. It has sedative, anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant properties which can help stabilize the patient and prevent potential complications of alcohol withdrawal, such as seizures. Haloperidol is an antipsychotic medication used for conditions like schizophrenia and acute psychosis; therefore, it would not be appropriate for alcohol withdrawal. Naloxone is used to reverse opioid overdose, and Benztropin is used to treat Parkinson's disease and extrapyramidal symptoms, so they are not indicated for alcohol

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: To obtain a license to practice, the individual must follow certain steps and fulfill specific requirements. Option A states that she must take the path to any government official, which is not accurate or necessary in the process of obtaining a professional license. The other options provided are correct in the usual process of getting a license: registering in the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC), taking the oath of professionals before a member of the Professional Regulatory Board of Nursing (PRBON), and being issued a certificate of Registration (COR) and a profession identification card (PIN).

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The clinical presentation of fever, chills, headache, and myalgia after a trip to sub-Saharan Africa is highly indicative of malaria. Specifically, the presence of intraerythrocytic ring forms and trophozoites on blood smear examination points towards Plasmodium falciparum as the most likely causative agent. Plasmodium falciparum is the most deadly of the Plasmodium species that cause malaria and is responsible for the majority of severe malaria cases worldwide. It is transmitted through the bite of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. Treatment for Plasmodium falciparum infection usually involves antimalarial medications such as artemisinin-based combination therapies.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by an imbalance between bone resorption (breakdown of bone tissue) and bone formation, leading to bone thinning and increased risk of fractures. In osteoporosis, bones become weak and porous, making them more prone to fractures even with minor trauma. This condition is common in postmenopausal women and older individuals. Risk factors for osteoporosis include age, gender, family history, lack of physical activity, low calcium and vitamin D intake, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and certain medications. Treatment typically involves lifestyle modifications, including adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, weight-bearing exercises, and sometimes medication to help slow down bone loss and reduce fracture risk. Early detection and management of osteoporosis are crucial to prevent fractures and maintain bone health.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Assessing the mental status of the patient is the PRIORITY nursing action to determine the patient's ability to concentrate and focus. This assessment includes evaluating the patient's level of alertness, orientation, memory, thought processes, and mood. By observing the patient's mental status, the nurse can gain valuable information about the patient's cognitive function, attention span, and ability to concentrate. This assessment will help guide further interventions and care planning for the patient. Asking for academic performance or conducting paper and pencil tests may be useful tools to assess concentration and focus, but they should come after a comprehensive evaluation of the patient's mental status. Referring the patient to a psychiatrist may be necessary based on the assessment findings, but it should not be the first step in determining the patient's ability to concentrate and focus.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The indicators listed indicate measures that Nurse Cirila can take to maintain a safe environment for her pediatric patients. However, assessing the competencies of staff before delegating a task is more related to ensuring effective delegation and appropriate task assignment rather than directly ensuring a safe environment for patients. While it is important to delegate tasks to qualified staff, this specific action does not directly contribute to maintaining a safe environment in the same manner as the other indicators listed (proper waste disposal, infection control, emergency protocols).

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Allowing people's participation to confirm the health problems would yield better results in facilitating the recognition of the community's health issues. By involving the community members themselves in the process of identifying and acknowledging their health problems, there is a higher likelihood of garnering accurate and relevant information. This participatory approach fosters a sense of ownership and empowerment among the community members, making them more likely to actively engage in addressing the identified health concerns. Additionally, community participation can help build trust between the nurse and the residents, leading to more effective communication and collaboration in improving overall health outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Nitroglycerin sublingual tablets are meant to be dissolved under the tongue to allow for rapid absorption into the bloodstream. Placing the tablet under the tongue helps to bypass the first-pass metabolism in the liver, leading to a quicker onset of action and chest pain relief. Chewing, swallowing, or applying the tablet to the skin will result in decreased effectiveness or delayed onset of action. Therefore, it is important for the patient to be instructed to place the nitroglycerin tablet under the tongue and allow it to dissolve for optimal therapeutic benefit.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The appropriate sequence of steps in the assessment of a conscious trauma patient is the ABCDE approach, which stands for Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, and Exposure.