One of the most distressing problems experienced by the patient with ALS is

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer to the question regarding the distressing problem experienced by a patient with ALS being the retention of cognitive function with total degeneration of motor function (Option B) is due to the nature of ALS, also known as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis or Lou Gehrig's disease. ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects the motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord, leading to the loss of voluntary muscle control. In ALS, the cognitive function of the patient remains intact while the motor function deteriorates over time. This creates a distressing situation for the patient as they are fully aware of their physical decline and loss of independence, which can be emotionally challenging and frustrating. Option A, painful spasticity of the face and extremities, is not the most distressing problem in ALS, as pain is a symptom that can be managed with medications and therapies. Option C, uncontrollable writhing and twisting movements of the face and limbs, is more characteristic of conditions like Huntington's disease, not ALS. Educationally, understanding the specific challenges and symptoms associated with ALS is crucial for healthcare providers to provide appropriate care and support for patients with this condition. Recognizing the unique emotional and physical struggles faced by ALS patients can guide healthcare professionals in developing comprehensive care plans to improve the quality of life for these individuals.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the presence of compartment syndrome, the correct surgical treatment that the nurse should prepare the patient for is option A) Fasciotomy. Compartment syndrome is a serious condition that occurs when increased pressure within a muscle compartment compromises blood flow and can lead to tissue damage and necrosis. A fasciotomy involves making an incision through the fascia to relieve the pressure within the compartment, allowing for improved blood flow and preventing further tissue damage. Option B) Amputation is not the primary surgical treatment for compartment syndrome. Amputation is usually considered as a last resort when tissue damage is extensive and irreversible. Option C) Internal fixation is a surgical procedure used to stabilize fractured bones with hardware such as screws, plates, or rods. While internal fixation may be needed for fractures, it is not the primary treatment for compartment syndrome. Option D) Release of tendons is not the appropriate surgical treatment for compartment syndrome. Tendons are not the primary issue in compartment syndrome; it is the increased pressure within the muscle compartment that needs to be addressed. In an educational context, understanding the appropriate interventions for compartment syndrome is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers working in acute care settings. Prompt recognition of compartment syndrome and knowledge of the appropriate interventions are essential to prevent further tissue damage and preserve limb function. This question reinforces the importance of surgical interventions in managing compartment syndrome and highlights the critical role of nurses in preparing patients for such procedures to optimize outcomes and prevent complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Assess the incision for hemorrhage. This is the priority nursing intervention because postoperative hemorrhage can be a life-threatening complication following amputation surgery. By assessing the incision site for any signs of bleeding, the nurse can quickly identify and address any potential issues, ensuring the patient's safety and well-being. Option A) Monitor the patient's vital signs is important, but in this specific situation, assessing for hemorrhage takes precedence due to its immediate threat to the patient's life. Option C) Elevate the residual limb on pillows is a good measure to reduce swelling and promote circulation, but it is not the most critical intervention in the immediate postoperative period. Option D) Having the patient flex and extend the knee every hour is important for promoting circulation and preventing complications like contractures, but it is not the priority immediately after surgery when assessing for hemorrhage is crucial. In an educational context, understanding the priority of nursing interventions postoperatively is crucial for providing safe and effective care to patients. By prioritizing assessments and interventions based on the patient's condition and potential risks, nurses can ensure optimal outcomes and prevent complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) White, curdlike membranous lesions of the mucosa. These lesions are characteristic of oral candidiasis, a common fungal infection seen in patients receiving prolonged antibiotic therapy, like the IV antibiotics the patient is on for osteomyelitis. These lesions may cause pain and discomfort in the mouth, leading to decreased appetite. Option A) A dry, cracked tongue with a central furrow is indicative of dehydration and not specifically related to the patient's situation with soreness in the mouth. Option C) Ulcers of the mouth and lips surrounded by a reddened base are more indicative of conditions like herpes simplex virus or aphthous ulcers rather than the fungal infection seen in the patient. Option D) Single or clustered vesicles on the tongue and buccal mucosa are more characteristic of viral infections like herpes simplex or varicella-zoster rather than the fungal infection seen in this case. Educationally, understanding the oral manifestations of common infections in patients on specific treatments is crucial for nurses to provide appropriate care and support. Recognizing these signs aids in timely intervention and symptom management, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Plan and organize task performance to be less stressful to joints. This approach is crucial for managing osteoarthritis (OA) effectively. By planning and organizing tasks, patients can reduce strain on affected joints, preserve function, and maintain independence in performing activities of daily living (ADLs). Option A) Avoid exercise that involves the affected joints is incorrect because regular, low-impact exercise is actually beneficial for OA patients to strengthen muscles around the joints, improve flexibility, and reduce pain. Complete avoidance can lead to muscle weakness and decreased joint mobility. Option C) Maintain normal activities during an acute episode to prevent loss of function is incorrect because during an acute flare-up of OA, it is essential to rest the affected joint to reduce inflammation and prevent further damage. Overusing the joint during an acute episode can exacerbate pain and lead to increased functional impairment. Option D) Use mild analgesics to control symptoms when performing tasks that cause pain is incorrect as it only addresses symptom management temporarily. While pain relief is important, it is equally important to focus on long-term strategies like joint protection techniques, exercise, and proper task planning to maintain function and quality of life in OA patients. In an educational context, teaching patients with OA about effective joint protection strategies, task modification, and exercise programs tailored to their needs are essential components of nursing care. Empowering patients with knowledge and skills to manage their condition can significantly improve their outcomes and quality of life.